SUMMARY It is becoming increasingly evident that a plant-pathogen interaction may be compared to an open warfare, whose major weapons are proteins synthesized by both organisms. These were gradually developed in what must have been multimillion-year evolutionary game of ping-pong. The outcome each battle results the establishment resistance or pathogenesis. plethora mechanisms exhibited plants grouped into constitutive and inducible, range from morphological structural chemical defences....

ABSTRACT Little information is available concerning the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and their effect properties on major fungal pathogens grape. A systematic study was performed total or individual grape mycelial growth, spore germination, germ tube growth Uncinula necator, Phomopsis viticola, Botrytis cinerea. Two proteins, identified as PR by immunological methods N-terminal sequencing osmotin thaumatin-like protein, exhibited strong...

The attempted infection of a plant by pathogen, such as fungus or an Oomycete, may be regarded battle whose major weapons are proteins and smaller chemical compounds produced both organisms. Indeed, plants produce astonishing plethora defense that still being discovered at rapid pace. This pattern arose from multi-million year, ping-pong−type co-evolution, in which pathogen successively added new this perpetual battle. As each defensive innovation was established the host, ways to circumvent...

Grapevine is one of the most cultivated fruit crop worldwide with Vitis vinifera being species highest economical importance. Being highly susceptible to fungal pathogens and increasingly affected by environmental factors, it has become an important agricultural research area, where gene expression analysis plays a fundamental role. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) currently amongst powerful techniques perform studies. Nevertheless, accurate...

A Síndrome de Mórquio, também conhecida como mucopolissacaridose tipo IV (MPS IV), é uma doença genética rara que afeta o metabolismo dos mucopolissacarídeos, resultando no acúmulo dessas substâncias corpo. Embora sua prevalência seja baixa, com incidência 1 em cada 200.000 casos, a apresenta grandes desafios diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento médico. Entre os sintomas mais comuns estão anomalias esqueléticas, características faciais distintas complicações nos sistemas respiratório,...

† Contributed equally to the work Summary. The effect of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora infection was evaluated in three grapevine cultivars, relation variation phenolic compounds within host. Young plants Vitis vinifera (cv. Chardonnay, Touriga Nacional and two clones cv. Aragonez) were infected using strains Pa. harvested after fi ve months from inoculation. Overall, a localised increment amount total phenolics methanolic extract wood tissue observed following infection. Such pattern also...

A variety of fining agents are commercially available to the wine industry, including proteins and inorganic ion exchangers. These essentially used control levels phenolics in wine, but they also have potential interact with other components, most often as a side effect. They therefore expected influence, at least part, for protein haze formation. Six common agents—casein, egg albumin, isinglass, chitosan, chitin, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)—were analyzed assess their effects on...

Cell proliferation and apoptosis are hormone-dependent physiological processes involved in endometrial growth regression. The aims of the present study were: (1) to evaluate cell using proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression; (2) induction death by expression active caspase-3 apoptotic phenotype visualised DNA fragmentation; (3) relate these observations tissue dynamics equine endometrium throughout oestrous cycle. Endometria were assigned follicular luteal phases based on ovarian...

In the present work, single grape variety wines, Moscatel and Arinto, were used. Analysis by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of wine proteins revealed presence only a few polypeptides ranging in molecular mass from 15 to 30 kDa. However, more detailed examination whole protein fraction, combination techniques, showed that these wines contain very large number (many tens and, possibly, many more) distinct polypeptides, exhibiting similar masses but different electrical charges....

Six Portuguese varietal wines (Fernão Pires, Assario, Tamarez, Verdelho, Arinto, and Moscatel) were used to study the factors that control protein insolubility in stored at high temperatures. Each wine exhibited a characteristic pattern of turbidity formation when exposed increasing temperatures (30 80 °C). This formation, highly specific for each wine, also varied prepared from same grape variety different vintages. was not determined by proteins. When A depleted its own back-added with B,...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely utilized endocrine disruptor capable of mimicking endogenous hormones, employed in the manufacture numerous consumer products, thereby interfering with physiological cellular functions. Recent research has shown that BPA alters epigenetic mechanisms mammals and may be correlated to enhanced senescence. Here, effects at 10 ng/mL 1 µg/mL, concentrations found human samples, were analyzed on HT29 colon adenocarcinona cell line Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells...

There are literally hundreds of polypeptides described in the literature which exhibit fungicide activity. Tens them have had attempted protection by patent applications but none, as far we aware, found application under real agricultural conditions. The reasons behind may be multiple where sensitivity to Sun UV radiation can come first place. Here describe a multifunctional glyco-oligomer with 210 kDa is mainly composed 20 polypeptide termed Blad that has been previously shown stable...

In a previous work, we produced highly specific, polyclonal antibodies against the total proteins or individual polypeptides of Portuguese wine prepared from single grape variety Assario. Using immunological methods, immunoblotting in particular, have applied these to analyze origin and detect presence identical similar distinct wines different varieties. The results obtained indicate that Assario show some degree structural similarity. Furthermore, when protein composition skin, pulp, seed,...

Despite recent reports in the literature that chitinases comprise ∼50% of soluble proteins present mature Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Moscatel) grapes, with other major being thaumatin-like proteins, a careful inspection published data reveals inconsistencies as to which actually accumulate grapes. Mature Moscatel grapes were harvested same vineyard two consecutive years, 1999 and 2000. The exhibited widely distinct polypeptide patterns when analyzed by either FPLC cation exchange chromatography...

During seed germination, beta-conglutin undergoes a major cycle of limited proteolysis in which many its constituent subunits are processed into 20 kDa polypeptide termed blad. Blad is the main component glycooligomer, accumulating exclusively cotyledons Lupinus species, between days 4 and 12 after onset germination.

Legume lectins comprise a structurally related, Ca/Mn-dependent, widespread, abundant and well characterized lectin family when compared to the large number of from other sources described in literature. Strangely enough, no specific function has been assigned them aside possible role storage and/or defense. Using recent fine-tuned methodology capable identification, β-conglutin, Vicia faba vicilin β-lathyrin, globulins Lupinus albus, V. Lathyrus sativus, respectively, were shown be affinity...