Diagnostic errors are thought to arise from cognitive biases associated with System 1 reasoning, which is rapid and unconscious. The primary hypothesis of this study was that the instruction be slow thorough will have no advantage in diagnostic accuracy over proceed rapidly.Participants were second-year residents who volunteered after they had taken Medical Council Canada (MCC) Qualifying Examination Part II. Participants tested at three Canadian medical schools (McMaster, Ottawa, McGill)...

Psychologists theorize that cognitive reasoning involves two distinct processes: System 1, which is rapid, unconscious, and contextual, 2, slow, logical, rational. According to the literature, diagnostic errors arise primarily from 1 reasoning, therefore they are associated with rapid diagnosis. This study tested whether accuracy shorter or longer times diagnosis.Immediately after 2010 administration of Medical Council Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Part II at three test centers,...

The Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) is useful in selecting undergraduate medical trainees. Postgraduate applicant pools have smaller numbers of more homogeneous candidates that must be actively recruited while being assessed. This paper reports on the MMI's use assessing residency candidates.Canadian and international graduates to three programs--obstetrics-gynecology pediatrics (McMaster University) internal medicine (University Alberta)--underwent MMI for selection (n = 484) 2008 2009....

Policy groups recommend monitoring and supporting more diversity among medical students the workforce. In Canada, few data are available regarding of students, which poses challenges for policy development evaluation. The authors examine through a framework surface (visible) deep (less visible) dimensions present sample Canadian students.Between 2009 2011, nine cohorts from four schools completed Health Professions Student Diversity Survey (HPSDS) either on paper or online. Items asked each...

Background: Cognitive forcing strategies, a form of metacognition, have been advocated as strategy to prevent diagnostic error. Increasingly, curricula are being implemented in medical training address this Yet there is no experimental evidence that these effective. Description: This was an exploratory, prospective study using consecutive enrollment 56 senior students during their emergency medicine rotation. Students received interactive, standardized cognitive training. Evaluation: Using...

Others have suggested that increased time pressure, sometimes caused by interruptions, may result in diagnostic errors. The authors previously found, however, pressure alone does not errors, but they did test the effect of interruptions. It is unclear whether experience modulates combined effects and This study investigated level affect accuracy response time.In October 2012, 152 residents were recruited at five Medical Council Canada Qualifying Examination Part II sites. Forty-six emergency...

To examine the magnitudes of score differences across different demographic groups for three academic (grade point average [GPA], old Medical College Admission Test [MCAT], and MCAT 2015) one nonacademic (situational judgment test [SJT]) screening measures (multiple mini-interview [MMI]) interview measure (analysis 1), implications including an SJT in stage pool applicants who are invited to 2).The authors ran analyses using data from New York School Medicine 2015-2016 admissions cycle. For...

Context Transfer of basic science aids novices in the development clinical reasoning. The literature suggests that although transfer is often difficult for novices, it can be optimised by two complementary strategies: (i) focusing learners on conceptual knowledge or (ii) exposing to multiple contexts which concepts may apply. relative efficacy each strategy as well mechanisms facilitate are unknown. In sequential experiments, we compared both strategies and explored mechanistic changes how...

Abstract Background Diagnostic intuition is a rapid, non-analytic, unconscious mode of reasoning. A small body evidence points to the ubiquity intuition, and its usefulness in generating diagnostic hypotheses ascertaining severity illness. Little known about how experienced physicians understand this phenomenon, they work with it clinical practice. Methods Descriptions perceive their use practice were elicited through interviews conducted 30 emergency, internal family medicine. Each...

Transfer, using a previously learned concept to solve new, apparently different problem, is difficult. Students who know will typically only be able access it new problems 10% 30% of the time. However, one solution have students work through parallel, problems.Learning materials for three cardiology-related concepts--Laplace Law, Starling and Right Heart Strain--were devised. One group read physiological explanation; two other groups combination mechanical explanations, either paired up or...

Background Most medical school candidates are excluded without benefit of noncognitive skills assessment. Is development a preinterview screening test that correlates with the well-validated Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) possible? Method Study 1: 110 completed MMI and Computer-based Sample Evaluation Noncognitive Skills (CMSENS)—eight 1-minute video-based scenarios four self-descriptive questions, short-answer-response format. Seventy-eight responses were audiotaped, 32 typewritten; all...

Abstract Background Computer-based assessment for sampling personal characteristics (Casper), an online situational judgement test, is a broad measure of and professional qualities. We examined the impact Casper in residency selection process on professionalism concerns, learning interventions resource utilization at institution. Methods In 2022, admissions data information files residents difficulty (over three years pre- post- implementation) was used to determine number difficulty,...

Most medical school applicants are screened out preinterview. Some cognitive scores available preinterview and some noncognitive at interview demonstrate reasonable reliability predictive validity. A reliable measure would relax dependence upon screening based entirely on tendencies.In 2005, interviewing McMaster University's Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine completed an offsite, noninvigilated, Autobiographical Submission (ABS) another onsite, invigilated, ABS interview. Traditional...

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Written verbal communication skills are important for all physicians. While taught assessed in medical school, students report limited instruction written skills. This study examined the impact of a curriculum delivered during 6-week clinical rotation Internal Medicine on objective assessment students’ Methods The consisted two educational programmes: student tutorial resident feedback workshop. was conducted from March 2012 to January 2013 at McMaster...

Abstract Background A division has been described among massage therapists, some who identify as healthcare providers while others service providers. The perceived creates confusion about what it means to be a therapist. Objective This qualitative study answered, “How do therapists in Ontario describe their professional identity?” Methods Qualitative description (QD) was used and data were collected from 33 using semi-structured interviews. Results resulting of therapists’ identity is the...

Medical diagnosis can be viewed as a categorization task. There are two mechanisms whereby humans make categorical judgments: "analytical reasoning," based on explicit consideration of features and "nonanalytical an unconscious holistic process matching against prior exemplars. However, there is evidence that experience also operate at the level individual "instantiated" (Brooks & Hannah, 2006). The present studies examined instantiated in medical diagnosis. Four "pseudopsychiatric"...

Background: Despite the support for Interprofessional Education (IPE) among policymakers, educators and professional regulating bodies, research literature is limited with respect to evaluation of effective assessment strategies. This short report outlines development a Team Observed Structured Clinical Encounter (TOSCE), which brings together learners from three health professions involved in primary care obstetrics-family physicians, midwives, obstetricians-as strategy assessing...

Abstract Background : An increase in available research has highlighted that knowledge changes over time as theories are challenged and adjusted or dismissed. This is particularly important to healthcare practitioners, including massage therapists, who need frequently review current adjust practice accordingly. However, when findings related generated, there considerable delay implementation. Few studies measure actual of evidence for practice. The objectives the study reported here were (a)...