A5029665970- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
- Global Health and Surgery
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
- Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Health, Nursing, Elderly Care
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Educational Assessment and Improvement
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health and Medical Education
- School Choice and Performance
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
2017-2021
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2017
National Institute for Health Research
2016
International Food Policy Research Institute
2013-2016
Liverpool John Moores University
2010
Council on Health Research for Development
2008-2009
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
2001
Novartis (United States)
2001
Indiana University School of Medicine
2001
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
1985
Valvular heart disease (VHD) is expected to become more common as the population ages. However, current estimates of its natural history and prevalence are based on historical studies with potential sources bias. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis clinical epidemiological characteristics VHD identified at recruitment large cohort older people.We enrolled 2500 individuals aged ≥65 years from primary care screened for undiagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography. Newly (predominantly...
To assess the possible effects of lipid metabolism on insulin-mediated glucose disposal, 18 nondiabetic Pima Indian women (age 18-35 yr) were studied using 1-14C-palmitate infusion to measure free fatty acid turnover rate followed by a euglycemic clamp (clamp) in vivo disposal (M). Indirect calorimetry was performed basal state and during clamp. This used oxidation rate, calculate nonoxidative (storage). Basal correlated with plasma concentration (r = 0.81, P less than or equal 0.0001, r...
Background Despite recommendations supporting optimal breastfeeding, the number of women practicing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remains low, and few interventions have demonstrated implementation impact at scale. Alive & Thrive was implemented over a period 6 y (2009–2014) aimed to improve practices through intensified interpersonal counseling (IPC), mass media (MM), community mobilization (CM) intervention components delivered scale in context policy advocacy (PA) Bangladesh Viet Nam. In...
Objective Cardiac auscultation is a key clinical skill, particularly for the diagnosis of valvular heart disease (VHD). However, its utility has declined due to widespread availability echocardiography and diminishing emphasis on importance examination. We aim determine contemporary accuracy diagnosing VHD in primary care. Methods was undertaken by one two experienced general practitioners (primary care/family doctors) subset 251 asymptomatic participants aged >65 years undergoing within...
The study aims were (1) to identify the community prevalence of moderate or greater mitral tricuspid regurgitation (MR/TR), (2) compare subjects identified by population screening with those known valvular heart disease (VHD), (3) understand mechanisms MR/TR and (4) assess rate valve intervention long-term outcome.Adults aged ≥65 years registered at seven family medicine practices in Oxfordshire, UK screened for inclusion (n=9504). Subjects VHD from hospital records without invited undergo...
The regulatory-targeting subunit (RGL, also called GM) of the muscle-specific glycogen-associated protein phosphatase PP1G targets enzyme to glycogen where it modulates activity glycogen-metabolizing enzymes. PP1G/RGL has been postulated play a central role in epinephrine and insulin control metabolism via phosphorylation RGL. To investigate function phosphatase, RGLknockout mice were generated. Animals lacking RGL show no obvious defects. is absent from skeletal cardiac muscle null mutants...
Program effectiveness is influenced by the degree and quality of implementation, thus requiring careful examination delivery processes how program or not being implemented as intended. Implementation fidelity defined adherence to intervention design, exposure dose, delivery, participant responsiveness. As part process evaluation (PE) Alive & Thrive in Ethiopia, a large-scale initiative improve infant young child feeding (IYCF), we assessed these four elements along three components its...
To assess the mechanisms for elevation of free fatty acids in noninsulin-dependent diabetes, acid metabolism and lipid carbohydrate oxidation were compared 14 obese diabetic Pima Indians 13 age-, sex-, weight-matched nondiabetics. The studies repeated 10 diabetics after 1 mo oral hypoglycemic therapy. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations elevated (242 +/- vs. 97 3 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) decreased to 142 12 (P (477 26 390 39 mumol/liter, declined normal values therapy (336 32, 0.01)....
Lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were compared in diabetic nondiabetic Pima Indians, a homogeneous population with high occurrence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Data available on 690 subjects or impaired glucose tolerance. Total very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides approximately 150% the values, but few diabetics had pronounced hypertriglyceridemia. Significant elevations (LDL) also observed men women all ages. Decreases (HDL) similar women,...
Few data exist on the aetiology of anaemia and Fe deficiency (ID) during early infancy in South Asia. The present study aimed to determine contribution ID, infections feeding practices Bangladeshi infants aged 6–11 months. Baseline from 1600 recruited into a cluster-randomised trial testing effectiveness micronutrient powder sales by frontline health workers prevalence were used. Multivariate logistic regression was used identify risk factors for population attributable fractions (PAF)...
<h3>Introduction</h3> Cardiac auscultation is an important clinical skill used by physicians in assessing and diagnosing valvular heart disease (VHD). The widespread use of echocardiography the last three decades has coincided with a perceived decline utility auscultation, particularly general physicians. ability generalists to identify VHD unselected population not been well characterised, so we aimed determine accuracy primary care for VHD. <h3>Methods</h3> 251 participants aged 65 over...
Alive &amp; Thrive (A&amp;T) aims to improve IYCF through inter‐personal communications (IPC) and mass media (MM) interventions based on robust formative research. In the context of cluster‐randomized impact evaluations in Bangladesh (BD) Vietnam (VN), after early process evaluation that established reach quality, we assessed impacts A&amp;T‐intensive (A&amp;T‐I) (IPC + MM), compared A&amp;T‐non intensive (A&amp;T‐NI) (MM only) 8 indicators. Baseline (2010) mid‐line...
Research plays a crucial role in developing solutions to the health problems suffered by populations of low and middle income countries. Most research for countries is funded from external sources. And most this externally takes form ‘vertical’ – condition specific programmes. As result… • The agenda poor mostly determined outside, not based on national priorities, concerns only those conditions which international funding available largely HIV/AIDS, TB malaria. Externally primarily...
A&T aims to improve IYCF practices through intensive interpersonal communication (IPC) by well‐trained frontline workers (FLWs) and a mass‐media (MM) campaign. A cluster‐randomized impact evaluation in 20 subdistricts comparing [(A&T‐I) (IPC+MM)] non‐intensive [(A&T‐NI) (MM only)] areas shows positive early impacts of A&T‐I interventions ( Menon et al.2013 ). PIP‐based PE was conducted examine 5 domains: FLW training; service delivery; coverage; utilization; behavioral...
Little is known about how different delivery platforms can be used to reach nutritionally at risk populations with MNPs. A cluster randomized design was examine impact, on anemia and iron deficiency (ID), of the sale MNPs by BRAC FLWs ‐ MNP intervention, and/or enhanced nutrition interpersonal counseling (IPC) EIPC intervention. Cross‐sectional surveys baseline (2010) endline (2014) were conducted in children 6‐11 mo endline, adjusted difference‐in‐difference analysis estimate impact....
Background The complexity of nutrition programming globally is increasing with the growing importance simultaneously addressing diverse determinants malnutrition by linking nutrition‐specific and nutrition‐sensitive approaches. In Nepal, for example, Suaahara was designed to improve nutritional status 1000‐day women children integrating health services, family planning, nutrition, water, sanitation hygiene (WASH), agriculture/homestead food production activities across 41 Nepal's 75...
Background There is sparse evidence on how integrated agriculture‐nutrition interventions can improve child nutrition. In complex programs it important to investigate hypothesized pathways impact, estimating the contributions of potential mediators impact We use baseline and endline data from a cluster‐randomised controlled trial (cRCT) in rural Burkina Faso evaluating homestead food production (HFP) programme that previously found an improvement hemoglobin (Hb) levels over 2‐year period...
Implementation fidelity is defined by adherence to intervention design, exposure or dose, quality of delivery, and participant responsiveness. As part the process evaluation (PE) Alive &amp; Thrive, a large‐scale initiative improve IYCF, our study assessed four elements in training frontline workers (FLWs), delivery program tools messages, supervision feedback. Data from qualitative among three levels FLWs (n=54 2012), i.e. supervisors, health extension (HEWs), community volunteers;...