This work presents, for the first time, an in-situ self-aligned fluidic-integrated microwave sensor characterizing NaCl contents in NaCl-aqueous solution based on a 16-GHz bandpass combline cavity resonator. The discrimination of concentration is achievable by determining amplitude differences and resonant frequency translations between incident reflected signals at input terminal resonator capacitive loading effects comb structure inside introduced under test. Twelve liquid mixture samples...

This paper reports on a miniaturized lab-on-a-waveguide liquid-mixture sensor, achieving highly accurate nanoliter liquid sample characterization, for biomedical applications. The nanofluidic-integrated millimeter-wave sensor design is based near-field transmission-line technique implemented by single loop slot antenna operating at 91 GHz, fabricated into the lid of photolaser-based subtractive manufactured WR-10 rectangular waveguide. nanofluidic subsystem, which mounted top aperture, using...

This paper presents a 220-320-GHz hemispherical lens antenna fabricated using photopolymer-based additive manufacture and directly fed by the standard WR-3 rectangular waveguide without any additional extension. The microfabrication process is based on digital light processing rapid prototyping Monocure 3DR3582C resin-based photocurable polymer. gives various key advantages, including ease of fabrication, manufacturing speed, cost-effectiveness due to its fabrication capability. Even though...

In this paper, the design and measurement of a three-dimensional-printed low-loss asymptotically single-mode hollow-core terahertz Bragg fiber are reported, operating across frequency range from 0.246 to 0.276 THz. The HE11 mode is employed as it lowest loss propagating mode, with electromagnetic field concentrated within air core result photonic crystal bandgap behavior. also has large discrimination compared its main competing HE12 mode. This results in operation fiber, which verified by...

This paper presents, for the first time, a microwave gas sensor utilizing Poly (styrene-co-maleic acid) partial isobutyl/methyl mixed ester (PSE), which is sensing material, as coating on an interdigital resonator. The proposed based near-field transmission-line technique to detect changing of dielectric properties material. was designed DiClad 880 substrate with resonator, operating at 4 GHz, middle ungrounded coplanar waveguide transmission line structure rejection characteristic by PSE...

Presented within this paper are the findings and illustrated experimental results, for extracting parameters of specific chemical solutions, used to represent complicated permittivity loss tangent liquids at microwave frequencies. In particular, endothelial cells growth medium Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) solution in case experiment's sample were evaluated 50 ml water-based a test frequency between 200 MHz GHz. The vector network analyzer model E8361A was measuring complex...

This paper introduces a novel free-space terahertz (THz) characterization setup featuring an electronic-based technique and miniature additive-manufactured hemispherical lens antennas. By using in-house custom-made lenses, radiation characteristics of the electromagnetic (EM) wave measurement setup, e.g. pattern as well collimated focused beam size THz beam, can be precisely predicted synthesized by appropriately selecting radius lenses. eases design complexity compared to existing...

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive study of the optical and electrical dielectric material properties six commonly-used silicon glass substrates at terahertz (THz) frequencies, including refractive index, absorption coefficient, constant loss factor. The characterization techniques used in this feature THz time-domain transmission reflection spectroscopy with measurement frequencies from 0.5 up to maximum 6.5 THz. Of selected semiconductor substrates, two are wafers resistivities...

This article presents, for the first time, new design and fabrication techniques Hollow Substrate Integrated Waveguides (HSIWs), demonstrated in nominal frequency from 21 to 31 GHz, use wireless communication applications such as 5G, IoT robotics. The introduced this paper feature: 1) of low-cost rapid prototyping additive manufacturing based on polymer jetting (PJ), 2) commercially available through-substrate copper via transitions. In contrast conventional SIW designs fabrications,...

This paper presents a 3D-printed hemispherical lens integrated with planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. The flower-shaped stub slot UWB antenna is made of 0.8-mm FR-4. operating frequency the covers 3.10 GHz - 11.6 nominal gain at zero degrees 1.74 dBi. To enhance antenna's high-gain radiation, additive designed and fabricated from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). electrical properties, i.e., relative permittivity loss tangent, ABS are 2.66, 0.003, respectively. Four different radii...

This manuscript presents a triple-port ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed for wireless communication. The employs automobile window film as substrate, which is cost-effective, easily accessible, and ultra-thin material. proposed structure comprises monopole featuring circular patch pattern that fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW). Additionally, the internal ground plane has been modified grooving both sides to form rectangular slot construction. As...

This paper presents a low-cost non-invasive millimeter-wave surface-height measurement sensor of dielectric and polymer films on glass quartz substrates. The profiler utilizes near-field resonance technique operating at 96 GHz implemented by using single complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) integrated with tailor-made WR10 rectangular waveguide. By placing or substrate uniformly coated SU-8 photoresist top the CSRR, thickness can be extracted based reflected transmitted electromagnetic...

This paper presents a portable 3D-printed lens antenna fed by standard rectangular waveguide at X-band for object classification. The proposed can integrate with the without any additional assistant tools. A high impact polystyrene is used to design hemispherical using fused deposition modelling technique. additive manufacturing gives several advantages including rapid prototyping, better cost and time effectiveness. Five radiuses, e.g., 20 mm, 30 40 50 60 are investigated increase gain of...

This paper presents, for the first time, a multimodal sensor characterizing relative permittivity of plastic polymers by integrating in single (1) frequency-reconfigurable resonance technique at 98 and 100 GHz, (2) 80–100 GHz broadband modified transmission-line technique. The is designed based on custom-made WR-10 waveguide featuring dual rectangular complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). By loading CSRRs with material-under-test (MUT), reflected transmitted electromagnetic waves...

Size reduction of a 1/16 spherically sectoral homogeneous dielectric lens antenna is developed in this letter by integrating planar partially reflective surface (PRS) to produce high-gain radiation. Such PRS, optimized full-wave simulator and the geometrical optics (GO) ray tracing method, has replaced external longitude portions ground planes original make an aperture size 11 × 15 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ,...

This paper proposes a novel miniaturization technique of quarter-wave transformers (QWTs), implemented using multi-section transmission lines (MSTLs), based on the quarter-wave-like transformer (QWLT) theory.Multi-section QWLT characteristics are derived analytically and solved via appropriate optimization algorithms for associated transmission-line parameters.For an illustration purpose, two-and three-section prototypes with 50% physical size reduction from corresponding QWT operating at...

In this article, a harmonized fabrication and assembly process combining additive subtractive manufacturing (SM) is introduced for the rapid manufacture of millimeter-wave components, especially those using hollow substrate integrated waveguide (HSIW). HSIW has been shown to have some significant advantages communications, radar, sensing systems, but its can be challenging. To pattern metallic layers that form top bottom walls, as well other structures such microstrip lines landing pads...

In this paper, a microwave gas sensor using interdigital resonator with coating of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate or PDOT:PSS is presented. The proposed uses the change conductivity properties when ammonia adsorbed on layer. was designed at center ungrounded coplanar waveguide transmission-line by creating rejection characteristic 4.08 GHz. fabricated DiClad 880 substrate dielectric constant 2.2 and loss factor 0.008. To improve sensitivity sensor, coated top...

This paper presents on a miniaturized planar sensor for characterizing relative permittivity of materials. The proposed design is based near-field transmission-line measurement technique implemented by modified complementary square ring resonator (CSRR). simple microstrip which theoretically matched to 50 fl input impedance. On the ground plane, CSRR created generate resonant frequency with behavior band reject characteristic. 1st and 2nd iterations Minkowski fractal pattern are applied...

Presented within this paper are the findings and illustrated a new methodology for design development of pre-equalizer utilizing method optimized filter synthesis, which can expand bandwidth optical wireless communication as required. The circuit consists an active-passive hybrid equalization using passive RC high pass cascaded with non-inverting active Sallen-Key amplifier RF broadband circuit. shows that at -3 dB frequency 1 MHz to 700 MHz. Additionally, it amplify input signal compensate...

In this research, a multi-shaped metasurface broadband circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna with parasitic elements is proposed for 5G new radio (NR) applications. The CP comprises triple-layered substrates without air gap. upper layer sits and patches. middle consists of an L-shaped slot functioning as the ground plane, lower contains microstrip fan-shaped stub feed line. evaluated using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). CMA results indicate that modal significance Modes 1 2 are...

This paper presents the findings and illustrated results, which demonstrate a current control circuit for LEDs optical wireless transmitters pipe inspection robot application. The design technique can be applied to microcontroller adjust flowing through LED by converting it from digital analogue. It enable light intensity transmitted in pipe, retain powerful energy of transmitter, bandwidth as needed. A system mechanism employs an analogue-to-digital converter distribute microcontroller's...

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the electromagnetic mode transition in horn-type connector for terahertz (THz) applications using simulation CST Microwave Studio Suite. focuses on analyzing conversion and field characteristics within connector. The main objective is to from TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> WR-3 rectangular waveguide (RWG) as it propagates into horn In particular, other TM modes, with...

This paper presents the design and implementation of efficient & compact flexible rectennas (antenna + rectifier) for wireless power transfer to wearable IoT sensor nodes at 24 GHz. Two different rectifier configurations i.e. shunt voltage doubler have been analyzed performance comparison. Experimental results complete rectenna also demonstrated conformal surfaces. The proposed rectifiers is fabricated through conventional PCB manufacturing method. Measured RF-DC conversion efficiency 31% DC...