A5051279095- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Enzyme Structure and Function
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
2016-2025
The Francis Crick Institute
2022-2023
Institute of Cancer Research
2009-2022
Medical Research Council
2016-2021
Huazhong Agricultural University
1993-2019
University of Copenhagen
2008-2010
Hebei Agricultural University
2009
Institute of Soil Science
2006
University of Oxford
1997-2005
Nordic Laboratory for Luminescence Dating
2004
Active oxygen species (AOS) are believed to have important roles in plants general and plant—pathogen interactions particular. They be involved signal transduction, cell wall reinforcement, hypersensitive response (HR) phytoalexin production, direct antimicrobial effects. Since current methods inadequate for localizing AOS intact plant tissue, most studies been conducted using suspension culture/elicitors systems. 3,3‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) polymerizes instantly locally as soon it comes into...
Significance While the current COVID-19 pandemic continues, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved only one drug against virus—remdesivir. It is a nucleotide analogue inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; favipiravir another member same class. These nucleoside analogs were originally developed other viral polymerases, can be quickly repurposed should they prove efficacious. We used cryoEM to visualize how favipiravir-RTP binds replicating polymerase determine it...
Kinetochores assemble onto specialized centromeric CENP-A (centromere protein A) nucleosomes (CENP-A Nuc ) to mediate attachments between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle. We describe cryo–electron microscopy structures of human inner kinetochore constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN) complex bound reconstituted α-satellite DNA. CCAN forms edge-on contacts with , a linker DNA segment repeat emerges from fully wrapped end nucleosome thread through central CENP-LN channel that...
Abstract Faithful chromosome segregation requires robust, load-bearing attachments of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle, a function accomplished by large macromolecular complexes termed kinetochores. In most eukaryotes, constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) complex inner kinetochore recruits centromeres ten-subunit outer KMN that comprises KNL1C, MIS12C and NDC80C complexes. The directly attaches CCAN microtubules through NDC80C. Here, we determined high-resolution cryo-EM...
Germin‐like oxalate oxidase is an oligomeric enzyme which generates H 2 O . This paper reports increased activity of this in association with the response barley to powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei The increase detected a colorimetric assay as well on blots using extracts both resistant and susceptible leaves. generally apparent from 24 h after inoculation. From 48 inoculation, there approximately 10‐fold higher samples inoculated plants compared controls. appears 1–3...
Powdery mildew and rust fungi are widespread, serious pathogens that depend on developing haustoria in the living plant cells. Haustoria separated from host cytoplasm by a cell-derived extrahaustorial membrane. They secrete effector proteins, some of which subsequently transferred across this membrane to cell suppress defense.In cDNA library barley epidermis containing powdery haustoria, two-thirds sequenced ESTs were fungal represented approximately 3,000 genes. Many most highly expressed...
Summary Penetration resistance is often the first line of defence against fungal pathogens. Subsequently induced defences are mediated by programmed cell death (PCD) reaction pathway and salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic (JA) ethylene (ET) signalling pathways. We previously demonstrated that full penetration in Arabidopsis non‐host barley powdery mildew fungus ( Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei ) requires syntaxin SYP121 (PEN1). Here we report SYP121, together with SYP122, functions as a negative...
The point centromere of budding yeast specifies assembly the large kinetochore complex to mediate chromatid segregation. Kinetochores comprise centromere-associated inner (CCAN) and microtubule-binding outer KNL1-MIS12-NDC80 (KMN) network. also contains DNA binding centromere-binding factor 1 (CBF1) CBF3 complexes. We determined cryo–electron microscopy structure assembled onto centromere-specific protein A nucleosomes (CENP-A Nuc ). This revealed a central CENP-A with extensively unwrapped...
During mitosis, unattached kinetochores trigger the spindle assembly checkpoint by promoting of mitotic complex, a heterotetramer comprising Mad2, Cdc20, BubR1, and Bub3. Critical to this process is kinetochore-mediated catalysis an intrinsically slow conformational conversion Mad2 from open (O-Mad2) inactive state closed (C-Mad2) active bound Cdc20. These changes involve substantial remodeling N-terminal β1 strand C-terminal β7/β8 hairpin. In vitro, Mad2-interaction motif (MIM) Cdc20...
Abstract Previously we reported that oxalate oxidase activity increases in extracts of barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves response to the powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria [syn.Erysiphe] graminis f.sp.hordei) and proposed this as a source H2O2 during plant-pathogen interactions. In paper show N terminus major pathogen-response has high degree sequence identity previously characterized germin-like oxidases. Two cDNAs were isolated, pHvOxOa, which represents enzyme, pHvOxOb', representing closely...
Soil waterlogging is a major environmental stress that suppresses maize (Zea mays) growth and yield. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with tolerance at the seedling stage, F2 population consisting of 288 F2:3 lines was created from cross between two genotypes, 'HZ32' (waterlogging-tolerant) 'K12' (waterlogging-sensitive). The genotyped base-map 1710·5 cM length constructed an average marker space 11·5 based on 177 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. QTL root length, dry...
Activation of Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) to the guanine triphosphate (GTP)-bound state is a critical event in their regulation cytoskeleton and cell signaling. Members DOCK family nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are important activators GTPases, but mechanism activation by catalytic DHR2 domain unknown. Through structural analysis DOCK9-Cdc42 complexes, we identify sensor within alpha10 helix that contributes release diphosphate (GDP) then discharge activated GTP-bound Cdc42....
DOCK (dedicator of cytokinesis) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate the Rho-family GTPases Rac and Cdc42 to control cell migration, morphogenesis, phagocytosis. The A B subfamilies Rac, whereas D subfamily activates Cdc42. Nucleotide is catalyzed by a conserved DHR2 domain (DOCKDHR2). Although molecular basis for DOCKDHR2-mediated GTPase activation has been elucidated through structures DOCK9DHR2-Cdc42 complex, determining recognition specific are unknown. To understand...