A5062857202- Skin Protection and Aging
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Rhetoric and Communication Studies
- Color perception and design
- Asian American and Pacific Histories
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
Network Rail
2023
University of Leicester
2023
Pennsylvania State University
2012-2021
Google (United States)
2017
Stellenbosch University
2013-2016
Museum of Indian Arts and Culture
2006-2013
Centre for Human Genetics
2011
Queen Mary University of London
2011
University of Oxford
2011
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
2009
Human skin pigmentation is the product of two clines produced by natural selection to adjust levels constitutive UV radiation (UVR). One cline was generated high UVR near equator and led evolution dark, photoprotective, eumelanin-rich pigmentation. The other requirement for UVB photons sustain cutaneous photosynthesis vitamin D(3) in low-UVB environments, resulted depigmented skin. As hominins dispersed outside tropics, they experienced different intensities seasonal mixtures UVA UVB....
Abstract Background A season of birth effect in immune-mediated diseases (ID) such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes has been consistently reported. We aimed to investigate whether influences the risk rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis systemic lupus erythematosus addition sclerosis, explore correlation between ID predicted ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure vitamin D status during gestation. Methods The monthly distribution births patients with from UK (n =...
Significance The frequency of the human-specific EDAR V370A isoform is highly elevated in North and East Asian populations. gene known to have several pleiotropic effects, among which are sweat gland density ductal branching mammary gland. former has led some geneticists argue that near-fixation this allele was caused by selection for modulation thermoregulatory sweating. We provide an alternative hypothesis, instead acted on allele’s effect increasing gland, thereby amplifying transfer...
Abstract Skin coloration in indigenous peoples is strongly related to levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In this study, the relationships skin reflectance seasonal UVR and other environmental variables were investigated, with aim determining which contributed most significantly reflectance. The data recorded by satellite combined on human a geographic information system (GIS). These then analyzed visually statistically through exploratory analysis, correlation principal components...
To assess the potential relationship of ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure in explaining period prevalence multiple sclerosis (MS) England.English national Hospital Episode Statistics covering all admissions to National Health Service hospitals England 7 years from 1998 2005 were used obtain prevalences MS infectious mononucleosis (IM) England. The United States Aeronautics Space Administration's data on UVB intensity for Nimbus satellite was collected....
Human skin pigmentation evolved as a compromise between the conflicting physiological demands of protection against deleterious effects ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthesis UVB-dependent vitamin D(3). Living under high UVR near equator, ancestral Homo sapiens had rich in protective eumelanin. Dispersals outside tropics were associated with positive selection for depigmentation to maximize cutaneous biosynthesis pre-vitamin D(3) low highly seasonal UVB conditions. In recent...
The insulating properties of the primate integument are influenced by many factors, including piloerection, which raises hair and insulates body creating motionless air near skin's surface. involuntary muscles that control musculi arrectores pilorum (MAP), mostly absent except on tail in most strepsirhines, entirely tarsiers some lorisids. absence piloerection reduced effectiveness pilary insulation preventing heat loss affected evolution behavior metabolic thermoregulation these animals. In...
Archaeologically documented population aggregates are used to estimate the of eastern North America around A.D. 1500 and by extension entire continent north heavily populated Mesoamerica. Occupied areas plotted from archaeological historical information were increased buffer with widths determined average nearest neighbor distances. Population sizes assigned these based on three compilations historic sources, each handled in various ways. Local densities calculated then interpolate density...
Significance Vitamin D deficiency is associated with HIV/AIDS progression and mortality. Seasonal decline in UVB radiation, darkly pigmented skin, low nutritional vitamin intake, genetic variation can increase risk of deficiency. Cape Town, South Africa, has a seasonal regime one the world’s highest rates HIV-1 infection, peaking young adults. In two ethnically distinct groups adults Town we found high prevalence resulting from inadequate exposure. This was increased permissiveness blood...
The purpose of this study was to examine whether UV exposure alters folate status according C677T-MTHFR genotype, and consider the relevance human health evolutionary model skin pigmentation.Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite data were used surface UV-irradiance, as a marker exposure, in large (n = 649) Australian cross-sectional population. PCR/RFLP analysis genotype C677T-MTHFR.Overall, cumulative UV-irradiance (42 120 days pre-clinic) significantly negatively related red...
Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer is mainly caused by emissions persistent halocarbons anthropogenic origin. The resulting increase solar ultraviolet radiation at Earth's surface associated with increased exposure humans and human health damage. Here we assessed change in damage three types skin cancer cataract terms (healthy) years life lost per kiloton emission reduction an ozone-depleting substance (ODS). This so-called characterization factor used Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs)....
Year-round human habitation of environments with highly seasonal regimes ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) depended on adaptive complexes biological and cultural traits to ensure adequacy vitamin D. Perturbations such resulting from changes in the physical environment, behavior culture, or both have had unexpected untoward consequences for health. Scotland is an excellent case study changing nature biocultural adaptation low-UVB environments. Occupation after last Pleistocene glaciation event...