Seven studies reveal that nostalgia, a sentimental affection for the past, offers window to intrinsic self-concept-who people think they truly are. In Study 1, state nostalgia was associated with higher authenticity and lower extrinsic self-focus (concern meeting value standards). 2, experimentally primed increased perceived of past self, which in turn predicted reduced current self-focus. 3 showed accessibility self-concept but not everyday self-concept. 4 provided evidence moderator...

Social comparison is one of the most ubiquitous features human social life. This fundamental tendency to look others for information about how think, feel, and behave has provided us with ability thrive in a highly complex interconnected modern world. Despite its prominent role, however, detailed understanding cultural foundations lacking. The current research aims fill this gap by showing that two dimensions, tightness-looseness individualism-collectivism, uniquely explain variation...

Conservatives appear more skeptical about climate change and global warming less willing to act against it than liberals. We propose that this unwillingness could result from fundamental differences in conservatives' liberals' temporal focus. tend focus on the past do Across six studies, we rely notion demonstrate conservatives are positively affected by past- but not future-focused environmental comparisons. Past comparisons largely eliminated political divide separated liberal conservative...

AbstractPrior research shows that the experience of nostalgia—a sentimental longing for past—serves to buffer self-threat. Complementing this work, current assessed possibility nostalgia promotes psychological growth—that is, potential cultivate inner potentialities, seek out optimal challenges, and integrate new experiences into self-concept. Two studies tested effect experimentally induced on growth-oriented self-perceptions behavioral intentions. To examine whether reflects growth in...

The analysis begins by examining a paradigm of successful EU trade politics ('heaven'), and what it might constitute. It argues that both the policy process dynamics are essentially positive factors. However, while this 'heaven' exist in theory (and did reality, to an extent, latter years last century), series largely external factors, notably those relating development globalization, have made more complex difficult manage. remedy lies not trying 'seal off' from politics, but seeking...

Abstract Democracies across the globe are shaken by a new class of populist right‐wing politicians. A defining element populism is preference for antagonistic rhetoric to describe opponents. Three studies connect support collective nostalgia past. Importantly, results show that can both increase and decrease rhetoric, depending on how past conceptualized. Nostalgia characterized political incorrectness associated with increased support, whereas past's greater decorum decreased populism....

The purpose of the present research was to develop a more comprehensive measure self-control that reflects recent theoretical advancements extend beyond inhibition. Across six samples (N = 1,946, 48.95% males, Ages 18-76, US-MTurkers/Israelis), we sought and validate Self-Control Strategies Scale (SCSS), as well examine its predictive validity across important life domains (e.g., weight, physical activity, savings). SCSS is comprised eight strategies represent three categories: anticipatory...

Abstract Nostalgia has many benefits for individuals; it can increase meaning, well‐being, and belongingness. In contrast, we show in six studies the harmful policy implications of nostalgia. We propose that nostalgia lead people to appreciate negative aspects past oppose modern measures reduce them, with health, safety, well‐being. Four correlational ( N total = 3081) proneness correlates opposition smoke‐free laws, discounting car‐safety, gender equality, enjoyment politically incorrect...

Abstract This research examined when, and for whom, American collective nostalgia can relieve feelings of guilt. In the Pilot Study, path analyses revealed that national glorification is associated with nostalgia, lower Our experimental studies test role these variables in determining responses to elevated salience past ingroup harm doing. Collective was guilt especially after reminders America's doing Study 1 . 2 we predicted showed would evoke spontaneous participants high glorification....

Sexual assault is often described as motivated by power, yet there relatively little experimental research investigating the effect of power (and powerlessness) on interpretations a sexual assault. Two studies manipulated participants’ feelings prior to thought-listing task about victims (Study 1) or an evaluation case 2). Among men, powerlessness led reduced victim blaming, while tended increase blaming among women These results indicate that has different implications for men and women,...

Conceptual metaphor theory offers a perspective on how and when people find meaning in life. Whereas life's can be difficult to grasp, compares life relatively more concrete structured concept. Supporting this account, American adults (Study 1) German undergraduates 2) who framed as journey reported The was particularly beneficial for individuals with low levels of perceived coherence 2). Study 3 further explored pattern moderation: An accessible metaphor, compared other framings, benefited...

This research investigates the augmented-reality smartphone game Pokémon Go and proposes that nostalgia is one particular reason for game’s popularity success. We propose acts as both a precursor to individuals’ desire play game, variable predicts entertainment experiences well-being while using game. Two studies investigate these predictions. Study 1 was conducted in Germany before release 2016 shows meaning players ascribe predicted anticipated nostalgia, which turn motivated them 2...

Gun violence is a large and growing problem in the United States. Many reformers look towards elections to spur policy change this area. In paper, we explore effects of school shootings on electoral mobilization election outcomes. We pair data from several sources that measure validated voter registration; turnout; performance officials at local, state, federal levels with regression discontinuity panel methods. Our show have little no effect outcomes work demonstrates even when tragic...

Abstract In multisensory environments, our brains perform causal inference to estimate which sources produce specific sensory signals. Decades of research have revealed the dynamics underlie this process for (audiovisual) signals, including how temporal, spatial, and semantic relationships between stimuli influence brain’s decision about whether integrate or segregate. However, presently, very little is known relationship metacognition integration, characteristics perceptual confidence...

ABSTRACTThe current research examined how temporal self-comparisons influence self-concept clarity. In Studies 1 and 2, we updated validated self-report indirect measures of state clarity, including specific components identified in prior research. both studies, participants' confidence their self-judgments, as well the consistency those judgments, were associated with self-reported Using measures, Study 3 found that clarity was highest when participants engaged comparisons focused on...

The cross-race effect (CRE) is the tendency to remember same-race (SR) faces better than (CR) faces. While there has been debate about causes of CRE, recent perspectives suggest that a lack motivation CR this effect. We provide direct support for model across two studies manipulating perceived importance target In Study 1 participants were outcome-dependent on Black or White research partner. When dependent partner compared with partner, CRE was reduced through an increase in face...

We investigate self-appraisals over time using a cognitive-ecological approach. assume that ecologically, negative person attributes are more diverse than positive ones, while frequent ones. combine these ecological properties with the cognitive process of similarity- and differences-based social comparisons to predict temporal self-appraisals. The resulting model predicts people should evaluate similarities themselves positively, whereas differences would be evaluated negatively. However,...

Can places feel authentic? Understanding the authenticity of place remains understudied compared to personal authenticity. Across three studies, we explore how emerges and its impact on We discover that while they are related (r = .52), distinct constructs associated with feelings rootedness uniqueness (Study 1). Experimentally, different types have varying effects: connection increases (and some extent, authenticity), self enhances authenticity; Study 2). Finally, do not derive from 3). In...

Background Rising rates of psychological distress (symptoms depression, anxiety, and stress) among adults in the United States necessitate effective mental wellness interventions. Despite prevalence smartphone app–based programs, research on their efficacy is limited, with only 14% showing clinically validated evidence. Our study evaluates Noom Mood, a commercially available smartphone-based app that uses cognitive behavioral therapy mindfulness-based programming. In this study, we address...

Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a wide ideological gap frustrated an effective response to health crisis. Whereas most liberals supported protective measures, many conservatives opposed them. Five studies ( N total = 3,090) demonstrate that American and German conservatives’ opposition measures arose partially from nostalgic emotions. We show framing as return past reduces face masks vaccinations. An internal meta-analysis shows although overall effect of temporal is significant, it...

Abstract A central aspect of political conservatism is the notion that system fair. Political conservatives tend to defend more than do liberals. Here we test whether link between orientation and this justification tendency depends on comparisons people make across time. Across five studies, found typically observed conservative (vs. liberal) only when no temporal are made, or status quo compared a future alternative. However, association not past. Instead, comparing present past, was...

Polarization and extremism are often viewed as the product of psychological biases or social influences, yet they still occur in absence any bias irrational thinking. We show that individual decision-makers implementing optimal dynamic decision strategies will become polarized, forming extreme views relative to true information their environment by virtue how sample new information. Extreme evidence enables makers stop considering information, whereas weak moderate is unlikely trigger a thus...