Abstract A microneedle array is an attractive option for a minimally invasive means to break through the skin barrier efficient transdermal drug delivery. Here, we report applications of solid polymer-based ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) containing interconnected micropores improving iontophoresis, which technique enhancing molecular transport by direct current skin. The PMN modified with charged hydrogel brings three innovative advantages in iontophoresis at once: (1) lowering...

Inorganic pyrophosphatase was purified from the vacuolar membrane of mung bean hypocotyl tissue by solubilization with lysophosphatidylcholine and QAE-Toyopearl chromatography. The molecular mass on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 73,000 daltons. Among amino-terminal first 30 amino acids are 25 nonpolar hydrophobic residues. For maximum activity, required 1 mM Mg2+ 50 K+. enzyme reaction stimulated exogenous phospholipid in presence detergent. Excess pyrophosphate...

Abstract A totally soft organic subdural electrode has been developed by embedding an array of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-modified carbon fabric (PEDOT-CF) into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel substrate. The mesh structure stretchable PEDOT-CF allowed stable structural integration with PVA performance for monitoring electrocorticography (ECoG) was evaluated in saline solution, on ex vivo brains, and animal experiments using rats porcines. It demonstrated that large double-layer...

We propose a pneumatic bending actuator integrated with low-melting-point alloy-based variable stiffness endoskeleton that can bend at multiple points and maintain its bent shape without power supply. Local of the soft be altered by melting or hardening electric heat applied through embedded metal wires. Bending changed selecting different to melted, angle controlled injected air pressure. The is maintained alloy even when pressure reduced initial state. demonstrate differently only one...

A microfluidics-based method for the 3D fabrication of anisotropic particles is reported. The uses a vertical microchannel where tunable light patterns solidify photocurable resins stacking multiple layers resins, thus enabling an application stereolithography concepts to conventional flow lithography. Multilayered, tapered, and angular compartmental microparticles are demonstrated.

This paper addresses a nanoengineering approach to create fully three-dimensional (3D) network of living cells, providing an advanced solution to<italic>in vitro</italic>studies on either neuronal networks or artificial organs.

Abstract Contact lenses (CLs) can be a cause of “dry eye syndrome” that lead to corneal wounds and inflammation as well feeling discomfort. To prevent the dry eye, it is important keep lens moist maintain tears between CL ocular surface. Here, use electroosmotic flow (EOF) in reported novel mechanism for antidehydration. A made from charged hydrogel has served fluid conduit EOF generation. The charge density gel optimized by varying composition ratio anionic monomer having carboxyl group,...

Abstract A hydrogel‐based microchamber with organic electrodes for efficient electrical stimulations of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) is described. The made from molecularly permeable, optically transparent, and electrically conductive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel highly capacitive carbon electrode modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Spheroids hiPSC‐CMs are cultured in microchambers, stimulated by the maturation. large interfacial...

In this study, the nanoscale structures of microparticle-based films are revealed by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and all-atom molecular-dynamics (AA-MD) simulations. The consisting simplest acrylate polymer microparticles applied as a model because formed without additives organic solvents exhibit high toughness properties. characteristic interfacial thickness (

Engineering of neuronal network geometry by micropatterning technology is a key future for creating artificial brains on chip. However, engineering at the single-cell-level with functional morphology (axon/dendrite) and connectivity (synapses) still challenging. Here, we describe method controlling axon dendrite single primary-cultured neurons assembling neural circuit using mobile microplates. The microplates enabled morphological control their shapes bringing ends into contact caused...

A microfabricated device that enables morphological control and assembly of cultured single neural cells is described. Assembly morphologically controlled allows neuroengineers to design in vitro circuits with a single-cell resolution. Compared conventional cell-patterning techniques, the for highly precise positioning somas neurites reproducible fashion. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by authors. Such materials are peer reviewed may be...

Transepidermal potential (TEP), an electrical difference of tens millivolts that is generated along the thickness direction epidermis, a possible indicator epidermal function, including permeability barrier skin. Herein, patch-type wearable device for minimally invasive monitoring TEP was developed by utilizing porous microneedle (PMN) array made epoxy resin. In order to measure subepidermal tissue, entire surface PMN except needle tip coated thin film insulating parylene C. The open-tip...

A totally organic, flexible higher voltage enzymatic biobattery is demonstrated by series connection of carbon fabric-based biobatteries composed a fructose dehydrogenase-modified anode and bilirubin oxidase-modified cathode. The fructose/O2 was divided connected so as to maintain the original size (total electrode size: 2 cm2). series-connected four quarter showed increased current (0.6 V, 30 μA → 1.5 80 μA) for an external load 20 kΩ, which typical skin resistance. batteries were put...

This paper describes a liquid-filled tunable lenticular lens for switching between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images in naked-eye 3D displays. Compared with previous 2D/3D switchable displays, this that is directly attached to smartphone display can project both 2D image the original resolution of high brightness. simply composed transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels. While thin top membrane on microchannels normally flat transmit light without...

We propose a pneumatic balloon actuator capable of controlling its bending points. Local stiffness the can be controlled by embedding low-melting-point-alloy that becomes solid cooling. The points changed depending on position melted since bends at soft point. advantage our is point simply without changing design whole device. believe proposed actuation mechanism will useful in designing highly flexible actuators for robotics.

Aerial O2 transport through leaves for root respiration was examined in relation to water uptake cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) by using an airtight hydroponic system and 18O2 tracing. Root clearly responded aerial which, darkness, the were exposed. O2-deficient nutrient solution increased with a higher concentration decreased lower concentration. Water promoted darkness O2, appeared simultaneous dynamics respiration. For tracing respiration, exposed 18O2, H218O produced roots...

森林地における樹冠遮断量を定量的に評価するための第一段階として, 樹冠構造が異なるスギ林およびマテバシイ林を対象として樹冠通過雨量の解析を行った. 樹冠通過雨量の観測は, 各林内の固定点に設置した貯留式雨量計と転倒マス雨量計を用いて行った. 樹冠通過雨量の空間的な分布特性は, 貯留式雨量計の観測値を用いて把握し, 林分平均樹冠通過雨量は, 転倒マス雨量計の観測値を貯留式雨量計の観測値によって補正することにより算出した. 樹冠通過雨量の空間分布はスギ林の方がマテバシイ林よりも不均一であり, また, スギ林の樹冠通過率 (0.64) は, マテバシイ林 (0.37) の約2倍の値を示した. 直達雨率はスギ林よりもマテバシイ林の方が高い値を示し, 樹冠通過雨の発生開始雨量については, スギ林 (1.9∼4.0mm) の方がマテバシイ林 (0.9∼1.6mm) よりも高い値を示した. 林外雨量に対する樹冠通過雨量の比率は, 小降雨時に値のばらつきが大きかったが, 雨量が多くなるにつれて一定の値に近づく傾向がみられた. 樹冠構造の異なる林分における樹冠通過雨の特性を明らかにするためには,...

The light-promoted recovery of epidermal barrier skin was evaluated by the associated transepidermal potential (TEP), difference between surface and dermis skin, using porcine samples. An accelerated TEP observed irradiation red light with irradiance 40 mW/cm2 a duration > 10 min. influence stimulation to surroundings (~ 20 mm) also observed. irradiations blue purple lights were ineffective in accelerating recovery. These characteristics would be useful for design effective safe phototherapy...

In this paper, we report a low-cost printing process of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based, all-organic microelectrode arrays (MEAs) suitable for in vitro neural stimulation and recording. Conventional MEAs have been mainly composed expensive metals manufactured through high-cost complex lithographic processes, which limited their accessibility neuroscience experiments application various studies. Here, demonstrate printing-based fabrication method microelectrodes using organic CNT/paraffin ink,...

SUMMARY Reduced-impact logging (RIL) is widely expected to maximize conservation values of selectively logged tropical forests; however, there remains a lack supporting data confirm the effectiveness individual RIL practices. This study evaluates extent damage residual stands and soil caused by directional felling, elephant skidding, road construction in mixed deciduous forest under Myanmar Selection System (MSS). The felling number was consistently larger for bamboo clumps than trees over...