A5079277331- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Galectins and Cancer Biology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Montana State University
2014-2024
University of Montana
2022
Ferghana State University
2016-2021
University of California, Davis
1996-2004
University of California System
2001
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital
2001
Washington State University
1998
Over 950,000 whole-genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been determined for viruses isolated from around the world. These are critical understanding spread and evolution SARS-CoV-2. Using global phylogenomics, we show that mutations frequently occur in C-terminal end ORF7a. We isolate one these mutant a patient sample use viral challenge experiments to link this (ORF7aΔ115) growth defect. ORF7a is implicated immune modulation, truncation...
There is an urgent need for inexpensive new technologies that enable fast, reliable, and scalable detection of viruses. Here, we repurpose the type III CRISPR-Cas system sensitive sequence-specific SARS-CoV-2. RNA recognition by CRISPR complex triggers Cas10-mediated polymerase activity, which simultaneously generates pyrophosphates, protons, cyclic oligonucleotides. We show all three Cas10-polymerase products are detectable using colorimetric or fluorometric readouts. design ten guide RNAs...
The risk posed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) dictates that live-virus research is conducted in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) facility. Working with SARS-CoV-2 at lower levels can expedite yet requires the virus to be fully inactivated. In this study, we validated and compared two protocols for inactivating SARS-CoV-2: heat treatment ultraviolet irradiation. methods were optimized render completely incapable of infection while limiting destructive effects...
Abstract γδ T cells recognize unprocessed or non-peptide Ags, respond rapidly to infection, and localize mucosal surfaces. We have hypothesized that the innate functions of may be more similar those myeloid lineage than other cells. To begin test this assumption, we analyzed direct response cultured human peripheral blood bovine pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in absence APCs using microarray, real-time RT-PCR, proteome array, chemotaxis assays. Our results indicate purified...
The Açaí (Acai) fruit is a popular nutritional supplement that purportedly enhances immune system function. These anecdotal claims are supported by limited studies describing responses to the Acai polyphenol fraction. Previously, we characterized γδ T cell both and polysaccharide fractions from several plant-derived supplements. Similar found in fruit. Thus, hypothesized one or of these could activate cells. Contrary previous reports, did not identify agonist activity fraction; however,...
Background : Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains a public health challenge worldwide. The gastrointestinal tract has emerged as an important site of and been implicated reservoir for long-term infection, particularly post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. However, whether vaccine-induced systemic antibodies can prevent intestinal with SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. Compared to Vero cells commonly used assess neutralization, the epithelium functional interferon...
ABSTRACT The persistently infected carrier stallion is the critical natural reservoir of equine arteritis virus (EAV), as venereal infection mares frequently occurs after breeding to such stallions. Two Thoroughbred stallions that were during 1984 outbreak viral in central Kentucky subsequently became long-term EAV carriers. genomes amplified from semen these two compared by sequence analysis six 3′ open reading frames (ORFs 2 through 7), which encode four known structural proteins and...
Abstract To elucidate the functions of circulating γδ T cells, in absence antigen stimulation, differential gene expression two cell subsets was analyzed. The subsets, with distinct trafficking phenotypes young calves, were GD3.5+, CD8−, WC1+ or GD3.5−, CD2+, WC1−, and 90–100% CD8+ sorted based on GD3.5 receptor expression. Results from different human arrays probed cDNA these indicated that they have markedly tissue-specific functions. genes preferentially expressed by GD3.5+ (CD8−) cells...
Abstract Gene expression profiles were compared in circulating bovine GD3.5+ (CD8−) and GD3.5− (predominantly CD8+) γδ T cells using serial analysis of gene (SAGE). Approximately 20,000 SAGE tags generated from each library. A comparison the two libraries demonstrated 297 173 representing genes with 5-fold differential cells, respectively. Consistent their localization into sites inflammation, appeared transcriptionally translationally more active than cells. higher cell proliferation...
An imported carrier stallion (A) from Europe was implicated in causing an extensive outbreak of equine viral arteritis (EVA) on a Warmblood breeding farm Pennsylvania, USA. Strains virus (EAV) present the semen two stallions (A and G) were compared to those tissues foals born during outbreak, as well viruses other that became persistently infected carriers EAV following infection outbreak. The 2822 bp segment encompassing ORFs 2-7 (nt 9807-12628; which encode G(S), GP3, GP4, G(L), M N...
Abstract γδ T cells are innate immune that participate in host responses against many pathogens and cancers. Recently, phosphoantigen-based drugs, capable of expanding vivo, entered clinical trials with the goal enhancing system functions. Potential shortcomings these drugs include induction nonresponsiveness upon repeated use expansion only Vδ2 subset human cells. Vδ1 cells, major tissue subset, unaffected by phosphoantigen agonists. Using FACS-based assays, we screened primary bovine for...
Solute carrier 11A1 (SLC11A1) is a divalent ion transporter formerly known as the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) and Bcg/Lsh/Ity locus. SLC11A1 was thought to be exclusively expressed in monocyte/macrophages have roles phagosome maturation cell activation. We characterized expression of majority human bovine γδ T cells NK CD3(+)CD45RO(+) cells. Consistent with role for iron-dependent inhibition tyrosine phosphatases, SLC11A1(+) lymphocytes were more prone...
Bats are reservoirs of many zoonotic viruses that fatal in humans but do not cause disease bats. Moreover, bats generate low neutralizing antibody titers response to experimental viral infection, although more robust responses have been observed wild-caught during times food stress. Here, we compared the and B cell receptor (BCR) diversity Jamaican fruit ( Artibeus jamaicensis ; JFBs) BALB/c mice generated T-dependent T-independent antigens. We then manipulated diet JFBs challenged them with...
ABSTRACT RNA replicon particles derived from a vaccine strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) were used as vector for expression the major envelope proteins (G L and M) arteritis (EAV), both individually in heterodimer form /M). Open reading frame 5 (ORF5) encodes G protein, which expresses known neutralizing determinants EAV (U. B. R. Balasuriya, J. F. Patton, P. V. Rossitto, Timoney, W. H. McCollum, N. MacLachlan, Virology 232:114–128, 1997). ORF5 ORF6 (which M protein)...
Abstract Subsets of γδ T cells localize to distinct tissue sites in the absence exogenous Ag stimulation or development effector/memory cells. Selective lymphocyte homing from blood into tissues is controlled by a multistep process involving vascular and adhesion molecules, G protein-linked chemokine receptors. The role these mechanisms tropism still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that subset cells, most which express an antigenically TCR are characterized coexpression CD8,...
Summary Reasons for performing study :A serological conducted in 1995 revealed that 7 stallions at the Lipizzaner Centre, Gauteng, South Africa, were seropositive antibody to equine arteritis virus (EAV). A stallion imported into Africa from Yugoslavia 1981 had previously (1988) been confirmed be an EAV carrier. Despite being placed under life‐long breeding quarantine, transmitted between Centre. Objectives : To investigate phylogenetic relationships strain of shed semen original carrier and...
A virus isolated from an aborted equine fetus was determined to be antigenically distinct several other strains of arteritis (EAV) by use a neutralization assay with large panel neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The readily neutralized polyclonal anti-EAV serum. Comparative nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses indicated that the (WA97) virtually identical (S1971) imported semen used inseminate another mare on farm. Phylogenetic analysis WA97/S1971 more related European than North...
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) causes a persistent infection of the reproductive tract carrier stallions. The authors determined complete genome sequences viruses (CW96 and CW01) that were present 5 years apart in semen stallion (CW). CW96 CW01 respectively had only 85·6 % 85·7 nucleotide identity to published sequence EAV (EAV030). two 1 nt insertions single deletion leader sequence, 3 coding insertion ORF1a; thus their genomes included 12 708 as compared 704 EAV030. Variation between CW...