Racial/ethnic minority populations experience worse health outcomes than do other groups during and after disasters. Evidence for a differential impact from pandemic influenza includes both higher rates of underlying conditions in populations, increasing their risk influenza-related complications, larger socioeconomic (e.g., access to care), cultural, educational, linguistic barriers adoption interventions. Implementation interventions could be optimized by (1) culturally competent...

Journal Article Fatal Measles Pneumonia Without Rash in a Child with AIDS Get access Lauri E. Markowitz, Markowitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francis W. Chandler, Chandler Eneida O. Roldan, Roldan Mario J. Saldana, Saldana Kathryn C. Roach, Roach Sonja S. Hutchins, Hutchins Stephen R. Preblud, Preblud Charles D. Mitchell, Mitchell Gwendolyn B. Scott The of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 2, August 1988, Pages 480–483,...

A measles outbreak in an inner-city area primarily involved preschool-aged children younger than 5 years of age. The reasons why 31 unvaccinated preschool with disease had not been vaccinated were investigated. For some patients, health care providers missed opportunities to vaccinate eligible patients against measles. Of the 26 whose full immunization status was known, ten (38%) diphtheria and tetanus toxoids pertussis vaccine and/or oral poliovirus at a time when they could have received...

Protecting vulnerable populations from pandemic influenza is a strategic imperative. The US national strategy for preparedness and response assigns roles to governments, businesses, civic community-based organizations, individuals, families. Because highly contagious, inadequate or untimely in increases the risk of infection general population. Recent public health emergencies have reinforced importance challenges effective among populations. We explore definitions determinants vulnerable,...

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HIV mortality rates with a focus demographic predictors and Medicaid access. Methods. Using Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research, we conducted descriptive study comparing in United States 2 years before (2018–2019) initial (2020–2021), identifying factors during pandemic. Results. During first pandemic, crude death increased then decreased marginally. together contributed to 11% rate. While African Americans had higher...

An accurate system of identifying and classifying suspected measles cases is critical for the surveillance in United States. To examine performance clinical case definition predicting laboratory confirmation measles, we reviewed 4 studies conducted between 1981 1994. A was examined that included a generalized maculopapular rash, fever(5=38.3°C, if measured), either cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis. Serological done by hemagglutination inhibition assay, complement fixation enzyme...

Because measles-specific antibody titer after vaccination is lower than natural infection, there concern that vaccinated persons may gradually lose protection from measles. To examine the persistence of vaccine-induced antibody, participants a vaccine study in 1971, with documentation 1–7 years vaccination, were followed up 1997–1999 to determine presence and measles antibody. Of 56 (77% 2-dose recipients), all had antibodies detected by plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assay an average...

During the early stages of an influenza pandemic, a pandemic vaccine likely will not be available. Therefore, interventions to mitigate transmission in communities important component response pandemic. Public-housing residents, single-parent families, and low-income populations may have difficulty complying with community-wide interventions. To enable compliance community interventions, stakeholders recommended following: (1) mobilization partnerships, (2) culturally specific emergency...

Persons who received measles vaccine between 12 and 14 months of age have been found to be at increased risk compared with those vaccinated greater than or equal 15 age. Because this, in 1987 the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee US Public Health Service recommended that, during outbreaks, revaccination persons 12-14 considered. During a school-based outbreak New Mexico 1987, authors evaluated effect mandatory policy affected schools. Before revaccination, overall attack rate was 4.1...

Introduction Very few studies have explored the associations between self-identified sexual orientation and comprehensive vaccination coverage. Most of previous that reported health disparities among lesbian, gay bisexual populations were not based on a nationally representative sample U.S. adults, limiting generalizability findings. Starting in 2013, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) included questions to ascertain adult's allowed national level estimation by orientation. This study...

Concerns that smallpox, an eradicated disease, might reappear because of a bioterror attack and limited experience with smallpox diagnosis in the United States prompted us to design clinical algorithm. We used features classic classify persons presenting suspected rashes into 3 categories: those high, moderate, low risk having smallpox. The classification guides subsequent diagnostic strategies, limiting laboratory testing high-risk minimize number false-positive test results. From January...

To improve evidence for public health practice, the conduct of effectiveness studies by practitioners is needed and may be stimulated if knowledge that smaller than usual samples provide same reliability intervention effect size as larger samples.We examined using computerized simulations 2000 hypothetical immunization from an actual study population small (30 60) (100 200) control groups compared with group 200 participants.Across simulated studies, mean (14%) sizes were equivalent...

In 1989 and 1990 the United States experienced a measles epidemic with more than 18,000 27,000 reported cases, respectively. Nearly half of all persons were unvaccinated preschool children under 5 years age. We sought to identify potential sites for vaccine delivery.Preschool surveyed in five inner cities outbreaks assess children's use health care services federal assistance programs before contracting measles.Of 972 case surveyed, 618 (64%) eligible vaccination at onset. Of those, 93% had...

S ummary Over 61/2 years, 182 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia were treated one of two combinations chemotherapy containing cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline (daunorubicin or doxorubicin). Eighty‐one achieved remission 79 them entered into trials active immunotherapy. The first trial compared maintenance i.v. BCG immunotherapy alone. results have shown that the group given survived for a significantly longer time ( P =0·035) than only chemotherapy. also had survival =0·042)...

The gap in measles vaccine coverage between white and nonwhite children was as large 18% 1970. During the epidemic of 1989–1991, attack rates among <5 years age were 4- to 7-fold higher than children. Because known disparity risk disease, a dual strategy eliminate United States implemented: universal interventions likely reach majority targeted more In 1992, reduced 6% (from 15% 1985); disease narrowed ⩽4-fold 1990s, further implementation resulted narrowing 2% elimination endemic all racial...

Vaccination at 6 months of age followed by routine revaccination is recommended when exposure infants to measles likely. Dade County, Florida, began this early two-dose schedule during a large epidemic in 1986–1987 (i.e., 22% cases occurred aged 6–11 months). This was continued routinely high-risk areas. The effect an on prevention the county examined comparing vaccination coverage and epidemiology before (1985–1987) after (1988–1996) became routine. To assess serologic response,...

Knowledge of the minimum level vaccination capable preventing measles transmission in an age group is helpful for establishing program targets elimination. In 1990, during resurgence United States, one-half cases occurred children aged <5 years. Although estimated population immunity among persons >or=6 years was 93%, lower and varied widely preschool-aged children. To examine association vaccine coverage at 2 incidence children, we analyzed ecological studies Milwaukee (Wisconsin) census...