According to the internal/external frame of reference model, academic achievement has a strong impact on people’s self-concept, both within and between subjects. We conducted series meta-analyses k = 505 data sets containing six bivariate correlations self-concept in two Negative paths from noncorresponding indicating dimensional comparison effects, were strongest when subjects dissimilar with regard math-verbal continuum, reduced but still significantly negative belonged verbal domain,...

Abstract Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are crucial for advancing research, yet they time-consuming resource-demanding. Although machine learning natural language processing algorithms may reduce this time these resources, their performance has not been tested in education educational psychology, there is a lack of clear information on when researchers should stop the reviewing process. In study, we conducted retrospective screening simulation using 27 systematic psychology. We...

Most of the software that is available to implement Bayesian approaches uses Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. It our impression many researchers are primarily concerned with convergence as assessed by Potential Scale Reduction (PSR) and other aspects MCMC largely ignored. In this article, we argue precision which estimates approximated summary statistics for essential ensure good statistical properties. We discuss Effective Sample Size (ESS), indicates how well an estimate...

This journal recently published a systematic review of simulation studies on the performance Bayesian approaches for estimating latent variable models in small samples. The authors this highlighted that can perform poorly (i.e., by exhibiting bias) when prior distributions are not thoughtfully constructed basis previous knowledge. In comment, we question whether bias is most important criterion sample size small. We argue variability more and should therefore be ignored. Moreover, because...

Autoregressive modeling has traditionally been concerned with time-series data from one unit (N = 1). For short time series (T < 50), estimation performance problems are well studied and documented. Fortunately, in psychological social science research, besides T, another source of information is often available for model estimation, that is, the persons > In this work, we illustrate N/T compensation effect: With an increasing number N at constant increases, vice versa, points T N, increases...

In their situated expectancy-value theory, Eccles and Wigfield (2020) assume students' competence value beliefs to be situation-specific thereby "situative" in nature.Even though motivation research has gradually been developing an understanding of this situative nature, for instance, by disentangling time-consistent fluctuating proportions at the analytical level individual, most studies still have not disentangled them class level.The present study sought close gap applying a multilevel...

Abstract The relationship between students’ subject-specific academic self-concept and their achievement is one of the most widely researched topics in educational psychology. A large proportion this research has considered cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), oftentimes synonymously referred to as reciprocal effects (REMs), gold standard for investigating causal relationships two variables reported evidence a achievement. However, more recent methodological questioned plausibility assumptions...

We investigated three different approaches for quantifying individual change and reporting it back to persons: (a) the common score, which is obtained by first computing scale scores from two consecutive measurements then subtract these one another, (b) ad-hoc approach, similar former approach but uses regression instead of scores, (c) Kelley's computes score directly a regression. Specifically, we compared with another regard mean squared error (MSE), measure accuracy an estimator. Our...

The operational momentum (OM) effect describes a systematic bias in estimating the outcomes of simple addition and subtraction problems. Outcomes problems are overestimated while underestimated. origin OM remains debated. First, flawed uncompression numerical information during course mental arithmetic is supposed to cause due linear operations on compressed magnitude code. Second, attentional shifts along number line thought OM. A third hypothesis explains 9-month olds by cognitive...

In many applications of multilevel modeling, group-level (L2) variables for assessing effects are generated by aggregating from a lower level (L1). However, the observed group mean might not be reliable measure unobserved true mean. this article, we propose Bayesian approach estimating latent contextual model that corrects measurement error and sampling (i.e., only small number L1 units L2 unit) when aggregated variables. Two simulation studies were conducted to compare with maximum...

Heterogeneity of variance is more than a statistical nuisance when parameters are substantial interest. In multilevel modeling (e.g. students within classes), for instance, the inclusion discrete variables at between-cluster level school type) may lead to detection differences between variances within-cluster students' performance in test). The resulting heterogeneous lower high schools compared grammar schools) have potential inform research and practice on educational effectiveness). Along...

Research has shown that current mental fatigue and self-control capacity play a crucial role in the goal-directed regulation of emotion, motivation, cognition. However, whether emergence during exercise cognitive performance is indicative individuals’ time-stable vulnerability traits still not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we repeatedly measured self-reported perceived control N = 2,094 trainees over course working on three separate, 140-minute-long standardized achievement...

Research has shown that current mental fatigue and self-control capacity play a crucial role in the goal-directed regulation of emotion, motivation, cognition. However, whether emergence during exercise cognitive performance is indicative individuals’ time-stable vulnerability traits still not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we repeatedly measured self-reported perceived control N = 2,094 trainees over course working on three separate, 140-minute-long standardized achievement...

The relationships between perceived fatigue and changes in sustained attention performance during early stages of working on cognitively demanding tasks remain poorly understood. In addition, concerns have been raised that self-ratings may be biased by socially desirable response tendencies, potentially confounding the relationship performance. this study, we assessed briefly before tracking concentration performance, processing speed, error rates among N = 110 tenth graders, while they...

Clinically, postpartum depression (PPD) is frequently diagnosed with maternal comorbid mental disorders (postpartum anxiety, PPA; personality disorders, PD) in mothers. Its association impaired Parental Embodied Mentalizing (PEM) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate embodied risk and protective factors of parental mentalizing PPD-mothers. More fewer were hypothesized as a function comorbidities. Sixty-eight mothers infants aged 3-10 months examined using the Assessment™ (PEMA™) on...

In the analysis of hierarchical data, multilevel structural equation modeling (multilevel SEM) has become standard in social sciences. To estimate these models, maximum likelihood (ML) approaches have been applied because they are default latent variable software. However, one drawback ML is that it tends to suffer from estimation problems such as nonconvergence when sample size small moderate, and results come nonconverged solutions useless research practice. Nonconvergence a particularly...

Cross-lagged panel models have been commonly applied to investigate the dynamic interplay of variables. In such discrete-time models, size cross-lagged effects depends on length time interval between measurement occasions. Continuous-time modeling allows explore this dependence and thus identify maximal "peak" effects. To detect these peak effects, sufficient statistical power is needed. Based results from a simulation study, we employed machine learning algorithms highly accurate prediction...

Multilevel analyses are often used to estimate the effects of group-level constructs. However, when using aggregated individual data (e.g., student ratings) assess a construct classroom climate), observed group mean might not provide reliable measure unobserved latent mean. In present article, we propose Bayesian approach that can be multilevel covariate model, which corrects for unreliable assessment estimating effect. A simulation study was conducted evaluate choice different priors...

We conducted two studies to test the hypothesis that respect for disapproved outgroups increases tolerance toward them. In Study 1, we employed a panel sample of supporters Tea Party movement in United States and found supporters’ homosexuals Muslims as equal fellow citizens positively predicted these groups. There was no indication alternative recognition processes (i.e., achievement or need recognition) played similar role development tolerance. 2 replicated respect–tolerance link with...

Abstract One major challenge of longitudinal data analysis is to find an appropriate statistical model that corresponds the theory change and research questions at hand. In present article, we argue continuous-time models are well suited study continuously developing constructs primary interest in education sciences outline key advantages using this type model. Furthermore, propose latent curve with structured residuals (CT-LCM-SR) as a suitable for many sciences. The CT-LCM-SR combines...