The reciprocal internal/external frame of reference model (RI/EM) combines the and effects model. RI/EM predicts positive mathematics verbal achievement academic self-concepts (ASC) on subsequent achievements ASCs within domains negative across domains. Although ample support was provided for I/E by cross-sectional data REM a single domain, there has been almost no research longitudinal generalizability cross-domain effects. Using three waves collection from Grade 5 to 8 with N = 1,508...

According to expectancy-value theory, the gender stereotypes of significant others such as parents, peers, or teachers affect students’ competence beliefs, values, and achievement-related behavior. Stereotypically, beliefs about reading favor girls. The aim this study was investigate whether teachers’ in relation reading—their belief that girls outperform boys—have a negative effect on self-concept boys, but not We drew longitudinal comprising two occasions data collection: toward beginning...

Abstract. The construct grit originates from positive psychology and describes an individual’s tendency to persistently pursue long-term goals despite challenges or obstacles. Previous research has shown that domain-general is a predictor of educational vocational success. present aimed establish validate German version the Short Grit Scale by Duckworth Quinn (2009) , named BISS-8 ( Beharrlichkeit Beständiges Intere sse) Scale, test for domain specificity in context. We conducted three...

The constructs grit and conscientiousness are closely connected. However, this relationship has not been analysed while accounting for the complex structure of multifaceted conception (perseverance effort; consistency interest). In study, we connection considering hierarchical conscientiousness, differentiating between a superordinate factor, first–level common factor (industriousness), lower level unique factors. Drawing on two samples ( N = 413, M age 15.29, 530, 31.75), applied an...

Zusammenfassung: Die Entscheidung für ein bestimmtes Lehramt hängt auch von der Motivation Studierenden ab. Bisherige Studien haben dabei eher allgemeine als lehramtsspezifische motivationale Prädiktoren untersucht. In dieser Untersuchung wurde an 3449 Lehramtsstudierenden überprüft, inwieweit sich Studierende unterschiedlicher Lehrämter im «Fragebogen zur Erfassung die Wahl des Lehramtsstudiums» (FEMOLA) unterscheiden. multinomialen logistischen Regressionsanalysen Zusammenhang Lehramtswahl...

This study introduced a new questionnaire on subject, didactic, and educational teacher interest analyzed their relations to occupational well-being (burnout, enjoyment, flow) instructional practices in sample of 281 teachers from elementary both low- high-achievement secondary schools. Results confirmatory factor analysis verified the three-dimensional structure newly developed measure. Evidence for construct validity measure was provided by structural equation analyses showing that...

This study examined the relationship of personality traits with academic achievement, while controlling for cognitive ability. We considered two domains (Mathematics and English as a foreign language) three achievement measures, capitalizing on sample N = 3637 students in upper secondary education (year 13, age M 19.92 years) Germany. First, we aimed to replicate previous results grades test scores. Second, extend body research by adding final examinations—a school-based performance test—as...

Following expectancy-value theory, we investigated the role parents' reading-related gender stereotypes favoring girls play in explaining students' competence beliefs, intrinsic task values, and achievement. Drawing on a sample of 1508 students (49% girls, age at T1: 10.89 years) from 60 schools Germany, collected data beginning Grade 5 second half 6 using parent student questionnaires. Structural equation modeling yielded two main results: First, reading their sons' beliefs values were...

Background. Assigning students to different school tracks on the basis of their achievement levels is a widely used strategy that aims at giving best possible learning opportunity. There is, however, growing body literature questions such positive effects tracking. Aims. This study compared developmental trajectories reading comprehension and decoding speed between academic track schools typically prepare for university entrance non‐academic usually vocational education. Sample. In...

Studies provide evidence that distress, (health) anxiety, and depressive symptoms were high during the first weeks of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, decreasing over time (possibly due to individuals' protective psychological factors). Relations between different mental health issues, factors need be explored, since even small effects might increase risk future issues. We merged objective stringency data with individual (N = 1001) examine differences in strict (Romania) mild (Hungary)...

Third-party intervention is a cornerstone of cooperative societies, yet we know little about how children develop an understanding this social behavior. The present work generates cross-cultural and developmental picture 6-, 9-, 12-year-olds (N = 447) across four societies (India, Germany, Uganda, the United States) reason third-party intervention. To do so, measured children’s obligation judgments unstructured descriptions Although some cultural differences emerged, 6-year-olds largely...

Research has shown that current mental fatigue and self-control capacity play a crucial role in the goal-directed regulation of emotion, motivation, cognition. However, whether emergence during exercise cognitive performance is indicative individuals’ time-stable vulnerability traits still not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we repeatedly measured self-reported perceived control N = 2,094 trainees over course working on three separate, 140-minute-long standardized achievement...

Research has shown that current mental fatigue and self-control capacity play a crucial role in the goal-directed regulation of emotion, motivation, cognition. However, whether emergence during exercise cognitive performance is indicative individuals’ time-stable vulnerability traits still not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we repeatedly measured self-reported perceived control N = 2,094 trainees over course working on three separate, 140-minute-long standardized achievement...

Exerting self-control in a first task weakens performance subsequent unrelated (ego depletion). In research new strategies are required to investigate the ego-depletion effect, which has recently been shown be more fragile than previously assumed. Moreover, relation between ego depletion and trait is still unclear, as various studies have reported heterogeneous findings concerning interplay of both variables. We addressed these lacunas by drawing on sample N = 120 students, who participated...