We incorporated clay modeling into gross anatomy and neuro-anatomy courses to help students understand cross-sectional anatomy. By making models, cutting them comparing cut surfaces CT MR images, learned how two-dimensional images were created from three-dimensional structure of human organs. Most in a group responded positively this approach, their average score on examination was higher than that did not use models. Clay appears be useful supplement conventional or radiologic education. It...

Drug-impregnated polyetectrolyte complex (PEC) sponge composed of chitosan and sodium alginate was prepared for wound dressing application. The morphological structure this observed to be a dense skin outer layer porous cross-section by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Equilibrium water content release silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) could controlled the number repeated in situ PEC reactions between alginate. AgSD from AgSD-impregnated PBS buffer (PH = 7.4) dependent on formations dressing....

THE blockade of the ganglion impar, a single converged by caudal ends two sympathetic trunks, has been described to relieve intractable perineal pain origin in patients with rectal, anal, colon, bladder, or cervical cancer.1–3The success rate this method depends on anatomical variability location ganglion,4but its variably reported from anterior sacrococcygeal joint1–4or coccyx,5–8to tip coccyx.9Accordingly, study was performed identify impar and determine shape size topographic relation...

This study aimed to clarify the morphologic variations of Martin–Gruber anastomosis (MGA) by tracing anastomotic fascicles. We used 102 upper limbs, and MGA was found in 39.2%. Among 12 instances between branches innervating flexor digitorum profundus muscle, eight solely innervated muscle without crossover from median ulnar nerve. The results present showed three features that could not be detected an electrodiagnostic method. Muscle Nerve, 2004

Various information technologies have been introduced for anatomy education in the current digital era, including three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality, mobile augmented and 3D printing. While these enhance educational effectiveness, their high cost often restricts accessibility. Conversely, low-cost methods using everyday items proven effective education. The anatomical sign language (ASL) method has introduced, uses fingers, hands, arms to represent structures leverage muscle memory aid...

The purpose of this study was to identify the intermalleolar ligament morphologically and correlate its shape with MR images.Seventy-seven ankles were used in study. After had been located posterior ankle space, medial lateral attaching sites identified, length, width, thickness measured. MRI performed on 26 before they dissected (20 specimens) or serially sectioned (six specimens). serial sections taken at a 2 mm sagittal horizontal directions.The observed 81.8% specimens composed more than...

Radiology education is a key component in many preclinical anatomy courses. However, the reported effectiveness of radiology within such classrooms has varied. This study was conducted to determine if novel educational method using dynamic images movies computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effective during course, aided by clay modeling, specific hand gestures (digit anatomy), reports from dissection findings uploaded course website (digital reports). Feedback...

Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements on unintentionally doped n-type GaN epilayers show that, above room temperature, the Hall-mobility values of different samples vary parallel with each other temperature. We demonstrate that this anomaly is mainly due to a conductive layer near GaN/sapphire interface for thin low carrier density. Through trapping electrons, threading edge dislocations (TEDs) debilitate epilayer contribution in two-layer mixed conduction model involving and...

The crystal structure of Cr(2)N precipitates in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on the analyses selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns, confirmed to be trigonal (P31m) and characterized three sets superlattice reflections: (001), ((11/33)0)and ((11/33)1). These could explained terms epsilon-type occupational ordering nitrogen. static concentration waves (SCWs) method applied describe ordered superstructure Cr(2)N....

The aim of this work is to study the phase transformations, microstructures and mechanical properties martensitic stainless steel (MSS) 410 deposits produced by laser powder-directed energy deposition (LP-DED) additive manufacturing. LP-DED MSS underwent post heat treatment in austenitizing at 980℃ for 3hrs followed different tempering temperatures 250, 600, 750℃ 5hrs, respectively. analyses transformations microstructural evolutions were carried out using X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS, EBSD....

The aim of this work is to study the phase transformations, microstructures, and mechanical properties martensitic stainless steel (MSS) 410 deposits produced by laser powder-directed energy deposition (LP-DED) additive manufacturing. LP-DED MSS underwent post-heat treatment, which included austenitizing at 980 °C for 3 h, followed different tempering treatments temperatures 250, 600, 750 5 respectively. analyses transformations microstructural evolutions were carried out using X-ray...

The maxillary artery (MA) passes over the lateral pterygoid muscle in infratemporal fossa and enters pterygopalatine through pterygomaxillary fissure. Refractory epistaxis is managed by ligation of sphenopalatine via a transmaxillary-transantral approach; there considerable risk complications associated with such invasive surgical approaches. aim this study was to describe gross anatomy variations therein MA its branches at fossa. One hundred hemifaces embalmed Korean adult cadavers were...

Background: To help medical students learn anatomy effectively in limited hours, a regional book enhancing students' memorization was developed.Methods: Only anatomical terms essential for basic cadaver dissection are included along with schematic figures which enable of complicated structures.Learning comics and comic strips that depict mnemonics jokes were appended sentences written to be comfortably readable.The electronic titled "Visually Memorable Regional Anatomy" has been distributed...

Purpose:The varied morphology of the umbilical ring and its surrounding structures, such as ligamentum teres hepatis, median medial ligaments, has not been thoroughly investigated.Hence, this study was undertaken to clarify morphologic variations these structures.Materials Methods: The anterior abdominal walls were removed en bloc from 57 adult cadavers dissected under a surgical microscope.Results: One case hernia observed, remaining 56 rings classified into 3 types: oval or round in 33...

In anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and ulnar neuropathy, paralysis or weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles has been shown to vary according degree involvement median nerves, respectively. We traced these nerves in 50 cadaveric specimens which each FDP was completely separated. The were classified into six anatomic another presumptive electromyography (EMG) types innervation patterns entire proximal one-third muscles, diverse EMG this study suggest that 2nd 5th digits...

Abstract Anatomical variations of the prostatic utricle (PU) have rarely been reported despite an understanding them being required for diagnosing and treating PU anomalies. This study was performed on 57 prostates to clarify this structure. Fifty were dissected under a surgical microscope, five used ultrasonography dissection, two others processed light microscopy reconstructed into 3D models. The classified three types based location its pouch. most common type one in which projected out...

The authors have observed that the ulnar nerve (UN) passes through medial intermuscular septum (MIMS) into posterior compartment of upper arm in more complicated patterns than those described anatomy textbooks. Given these unreported might be related to idiopathic UN entrapment at midarm, this study focused on relationship between MIMS and UN.One hundred arms were dissected. site which pierced was analyzed measured from epicondyle.The could classified 3 types according whether it ran a...

The aim of this study was to clarify the heights and spatial relationships facial muscles acting on nasolabial fold (NLF) by dissection three-dimensional microcomputed tomography for use in aesthetic treatments. This used 56 specimens from 34 embalmed adult Korean. A reference line (RF) set imitate NLF after removing skin, superior point alar crease lateral orbicularis oris muscle at level corner mouth. along RF could be categorized into five main patterns. dominant pattern that levator...

The suprascapular nerve can be compressed by the inferior transverse scapular ligament (ITSL), also known as spinoglenoid ligament, and this entrapment results in dysfunction of external rotation upper arm owing to isolated weakness infraspinatus muscle. morphology ITSL has not been adequately characterized. aim study was clarify morphological characteristics ITSL. In total, 110 shoulders from 72 cadavers were dissected study. present 73 (66.4%) specimens, comprised membrane 40 (36.4%), 25...