Summary Although different injection locations for retrolaminar and erector spinae plane blocks have been described, the two procedures a similar anatomical basis. In this cadaveric study we compared spread of dye in thoracic region following these procedures. Following randomisation, 10 were performed on left or right sides unembalmed cadavers. For each block, 20 ml solution was injected at T5 level. The back regions dissected involvement spinal nerve also investigated. Twenty successfully...

A precise anatomical understanding of the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) is essential to how an injection outside this can result in spread. Therefore, we aimed clarify three-dimensional (3D) structures TPVS and adjacent tissues using micro-CT, investigate potential routes for nerve blockade area.Eleven embalmed cadavers were used study. Micro-CT images acquired after phosphotungstic acid preparation at mid-thoracic region. The was examined meticulously based on its 3D...

Previous studies have revealed a variation in the origin and distribution patterns of facial artery. However, relationship between artery muscles has not been well described. The purpose this study was to determine depth with musculature layer, which represents critical information for dermal filler injection oral maxillofacial surgery.Fifty-four embalmed adult faces from Korean cadavers (36 male 18 female cadavers; mean age, 73.3 years) were used study. A detailed dissection performed,...

A visible jowl is a reason patients consider lower facial rejuvenation surgery. The anatomical changes that lead to formation of the remain unclear. aim this study was elucidate anatomy jowl, mandibular ligament and labiomandibular crease, their relationship with marginal branch nerve.Forty-nine cadaver heads were studied (16 embalmed, 33 fresh, mean age 75 years). Following preliminary dissections macro-sectioning, series standardized layered performed, complemented by histology, sheet...

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) supplies mostly sensory innervation to the face, and facial VII) conveys primarily motor fibers. aim of this study was elucidate their distributions anastomoses.Fourteen specimens hemisectioned faces were gathered from human cadavers stained with Sihler staining.The temporal (Tbr), zygomatic (Zbr), buccal (Bbr) branches CN VII formed trigeminofacial anastomoses in ocular area. Communications observed between supraorbital Tbr (85.7%), infraorbital Bbr (100%) Zbr...

Sihler's staining allows visualization of the nerve distribution within soft tissues without extensive dissection and does not require slide preparation, unlike traditional approaches. This technique can be applied to mucosa, muscle, organs that contain myelinated fibers. In particular, may considered best tool for observing skeletal muscles. The intramuscular pattern nerves is difficult observe through manual manipulation due gradual tapering toward terminal end muscles, so it should...

Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is a common treatment for cervical radiculopathy but carries potential risks because of the presence crucial arteries in intervertebral foramina (IVF). This study analyzed precise anatomical location segmental spinal artery (SSA) within IVF using 3D micro-CT imaging to provide guidance safer TFESI procedures. Fourteen embalmed cadavers were used this study: three serial sectional dissection, two histological examination, and nine...

The retrodural space of Okada (RSO) is a potential located posterior to the ligamentum flavum. It can complicate epidural injections owing its communication with and facet joints. purpose this study was clarify anatomical structures cervical RSO adjacent ligamentous tissues in cadavers. Cervical spine specimens from 15 embalmed cadavers were used for serial sectional dissection, histological verification, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Micro-CT images acquired after...

Background . A quadratus lumborum (QL) block is an abdominal truncal technique that primarily provides analgesia and anaesthesia to the wall. This cadaveric study was undertaken compare dye spread between different needle approaches for ultrasound-guided QL blocks in soft-embalmed cadavers. Methods After randomization, experienced anesthesiologist performed two lateral, three posterior, five alternative on left or right sides of The target injection point approach lumbar interfascial...

The orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL) is an important structure for maintaining the eyelid and cheek skin contouring characteristic facial appearance. However, ORL a delicate that easily damaged in manual dissection. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate using micro-computed tomography (mCT) with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) preparation acquisition of its three-dimensional information non-destructively. Twenty-two specimens were obtained from non-embalmed human cadaver (mean age...

The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution pattern and innervation territory mental nerve (MN) in skin mucosa by topographic examination Sihler's staining, thereby providing reference anatomical information for surgical procedures enable prediction regions sensory disturbance following damage. Ten human specimens were subjected which is a highly accurate method visualizing fibers without altering their topography. Each branch MN overlapped adjacent branches (five cases), or else...

Abstract The sacrotuberous ligament (STL) and the hamstrings are important structures that mutually connected influenced by pelvis. However, anatomical connectivity histological characteristics of these remain unclear. present study aimed to comprehensively investigate relationship between STL proximal through analysis. Sixteen specimens were obtained from eight fresh cadavers (mean age at death, 73.4 years). Verhoeff Van Gieson, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemical staining used analyze...

The zygomatic nerve (ZN), which originates from the maxillary at pterygopalatine fossa, enters orbit through inferior orbital fissure. Within lateral region of orbit, ZN divides into zygomaticofacial (ZF) and zygomaticotemporal (ZT) nerves. ZF ZT nerves then pass on to face temporal zygomaticoorbital foramen enter their own bony canals within bone. However, multiple (ZFCs ZTCs, respectively) can be observed, detailed intrabony courses are unknown. aim this study was clarify three-dimensional...

Purpose: Establishing the distribution patterns of occipital cutaneous nerves may help us understand their contribution to various pain and ensure that a proper local injection method for treatment is employed. The aim this study was demonstrate detailed greater nerve (GON), lesser (LON), third (TON) using modified Sihler's staining technique. Methods: Ten human cadavers were manually dissected determine distributions. Specimens from eight treated staining. Results: In all cases, distinct...

The nasolabial fold is known to be a challenging midface feature for aesthetic physicians. However, the steric conformation of structures related has remained undefined because composition and topography this region are highly intricate. Therefore, study aimed clarify three-dimensional using micro-computed tomography verify their detailed by means histologic observation.Twenty-four specimens were collected from area beside alae nasi above oral angle 12 cadavers (mean age, 80.3 years)...

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the thickness of buccofacial wall maxillary sinus where augmentations are often performed. Materials and Methods: Fourteen sites located 15 20 mm superior anatomical cervical line (named as groups H15 H20, respectively) along long axes mid interproximal two premolars molars were measured from 74 Korean hemiface cadavers. Results: The was thinnest at area between second premolar first molar in H20. lowest mean 1.2 both groups. walls thicker males...

Injury to the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (eSLN) can cause a hoarse or weak voice with dysergia cricothyroid. The present study provided topographic information eSLN in Asian and verified anatomical validity landmarks previously recruited localize eSLN. Thirty specimens were dissected from 16 human embalmed cadavers (12 men four women; mean age: 80.5 years). vertical distance between apical pole thyroid gland (AP) was 8.2 ± 4.2 mm. It descended over AP <1 cm 51.7%, >1 27.6%...

There is no standardized approach to the greater occipital nerve (GON) block technique for treating neuralgia. The aim of present study was validate previously‐suggested guidelines conventional injection techniques and provide navigational safe GON block. GON, lesser (LON) artery (OA) were carefully dissected in region embalmed cadavers. Using a 3 D digitizer, LON, OA observed on two reference lines. distances between landmarks recorded statistically analyzed. On superior nuchal line, mean...