Apart from "Drawers of Water (DOW I)" published in 1972, there have been only a handful studies on domestic water use and environmental health East Africa, based direct observations or other reliable research methods. The objective this study was to carry out repeat analysis Africa DOW I. conducted the same sites as Field assistants spent at least 1 day each household observing conducting semi-structured interviews. They measured amount collected, recorded used home, noted socio-demographic...

Household nutrition is influenced by interactions between food security and local knowledge negotiated along multiple axes of power. Such processes are situated within political economic systems from which structural inequalities reproduced at local, national, global scales. Health beliefs taboos two manifestations that emerge these may contribute beneficial, benign, or detrimental health outcomes. This study explores the social dimensions in rural Khatlon province, Tajikistan their...

Background: We sought to describe the geographic distribution of clinical trial sites across continental USA and identify drivers site location. Methods/Results: Locations 174,503 were collected from 2002–2007 US FDA’s Bioresearch Monitoring Information System geo-coded for spatial analysis. Predictors examined included urban population percentage (2000 Census) number healthcare/social service educational establishments (2002 Economic per zip code. Extensive clustering was detected. Urban...

Early morning salivary 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) determination differentiates patients with non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) from those who are not affected. Using this test, we have conducted a trial screening study for NC21OHD and compared the results previously reported figures frequency of disorder. Testing was performed on 258 subjects recruited among medical students employees New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. In 2 249 admissible subjects, 0700-0900...

Abstract Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gapped regions are common intermediates in transactions. Using a new non-denaturing bisulfite treatment combined with ChIP-seq, abbreviated ‘ssGap-seq’, we explore RecA and SSB binding to ssDNA on genomic scale E. coli wide range of genetic backgrounds. Some results expected. During log phase growth, assembly profiles coincide globally, concentrated the lagging strand enhanced after UV irradiation. Unexpected also abound. Near terminus, is favored over...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause damage to DNA and proteins. Here, we report that the RecA recombinase is itself oxidized by ROS. Genetic biochemical analyses revealed oxidation of altered its repair recombination activities. Mass spectrometry analysis showed exposure ROS converted four out nine Met residues methionine sulfoxide. Mimicking Met35 changing it for Gln caused complete loss function, whereas mimicking Met164 resulted in constitutive SOS activation activity. Yet, all...

Nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is an attentuated adrenal enzyme defect that commonly the basis of hyperandrogenic syndromes. Inherited as autosomal recessive trait, it known to occur with high frequency in general population and increased a number ethnic groups, including Yugoslav population. Following expansion original data on 21 families Croatia total 49 Croatian Serbian families, we establish this enzymatic disorder Slavic provide updated estimate for gene 0.092...

Abstract The purposes of this study were to (a) describe an 8‐month recruitment campaign enroll African American smokers ( N = 249) into a randomized controlled trial and (b) examine characteristics participants recruited through proactive (face‐to‐face), reactive (television, radio, or newspaper ads inviting participants), combination (both proactive) approaches. Reactive was most successful (43%), followed by (31%), (26%) recruitment. Compared recruitment, associated with lower nicotine...

With more classrooms within higher education mobilizing strategies for internationalization, collaborative online international learning (COIL), also referred to as virtual exchange, is an effective approach at offering intercultural competence through experiential learning. This strategy provides students who face barriers travel the opportunity engage with from other countries in meaningful ways, while enhancing and reinforcing course content. Grounded transformative theory, this study...

Background: Medication nonadherence affects health care costs, morbidity, and mortality. Concepts from behavioral economics can guide the development of interventions to improve medication adherence. Objective: To measure relative effectiveness 2 economic-based incentive structures Methods: This randomized controlled trial compared adherence among participants taking antihypertensive or antihyperlipidemic medications usual (UC), guaranteed pay-out (GPO) incentives, lottery incentives. Daily...

Introduction Khat, a green leafy plant grown in East Africa and throughout the Arabian Peninsula, is chewed for its psychoactive amphetamine-like effects, serving as significant aspect of culture, economic livelihood, global trade. Khat consumption during pregnancy has been associated with adverse including anemia, premature rupture membranes, low birth weight, among others. Methods This cross-sectional, explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted Haramaya District eastern...

Abstract Mutualists that provide redundant services to the same organism have been shown both coexist and compete for access partner. Aphids, example, are known receive protection against natural enemies from heritable bacterial symbionts as well ants, which tend aphids in exchange sugary honeydew excretions. Little is known, however, about how ant attendance might influence interactions between their protective bacteria. Assuming costs infection, we hypothesized symbiont prevalence would...

Collaborative online international learning programs, such as virtual exchange, that utilize telecollaborative activities have been integrated into more classrooms within the higher education setting. These programs provide students exposure to cultures, perspectives, and ideas is no longer considered “value added”, but a prerequisite entering many workforces. programmatic objectives compliment Mezirow's Transformative Learning Theory, substantiates two major elements of transformative are...

Introduction As public health expands its role in global settings, the need to develop intercultural competency for students also grows. One initiative being applied promote awareness is use of virtual exchange (VE) programs. VE programs collaborative online international learning (COIL) and allow from different countries connect work together on projects related their field study; however, there little research around long-term impacts these Methods Undergraduate pre-health United States...

Malnutrition is a significant challenge to the health of women and children in Burkina Faso. Given critical role animal source food on infants young (IYC), interventions continue explore potential for eggs prevent malnutrition.Using data from Un Oeuf intervention, which significantly increased IYC egg consumption, combined with quantitative qualitative endline 3-month follow-up, we barriers facilitating factors consumption sustainability scalability intervention.Child was high at follow-up...

This study investigates patterns of rural livelihoods in Khatlon Province, Tajikistan, as it relates to gender roles and responsibilities. included a workshop the train-the-trainer format for community workers implement violence participatory among village-related women men. Key informant interviews were performed collect information about perceptions village households followed by individual semistructured with participants workshops. Analysis ethnographic content analysis using NVivo 12...

O NLY the most acute of "first"-watchers would have recog- nized occasion at Atlanta as an event historic significance.The last session day 1966 annual meeting Society American Archivists was a panel addressed to topic "Application Automation Control Archives and Manuscripts."Under chairmanship Frank Evans National Archives, five panelists presented case histories experience with machine-assisted indexing archives, manuscript collections, or publications.At least one previous had dealt...

Water and sanitation services are fundamental in preventing the spread of waterborne hygiene-related diseases. However, developing countries, such as Haiti, access to clean water continues pose major challenges despite efforts improve quality reduce distance. With Léogâne being epicenter earthquake Haiti 2010, there were dozens interventions aimed water, specifically well construction use treatment strategies. Using socioecological framework, this study collected qualitative data supplement...

Most women living in rural provinces of Tajikistan, specifically Khatlon, experience little to no opportunities for education and economic growth, making them vulnerable gender-based violence (GBV). Unfortunately due social norms that are bolstered by a patriarchal society, GBV has become tolerated even normalized areas. This study looks investigate the differences perceptions as it relates empowerment among men Tajikistan.Data collection was done through participatory workshops...

With the continued rise in cases of COVID-19 and increased availability vaccines, it is essential to recognize drivers vaccine uptake. A large choice organization often uses social media platforms, specifically Facebook, communicate messages their audience. This study examined this organization's Facebook posts between January 1, 2020 May determine what themes sub-themes were most discussed regarding COVID-19. Three independent reviewers used an inductive approach with content analysis code...