The majority of the HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing studies have focused on subtype B virus. predominance C in Indian subcontinent along with greater access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) necessitates HIVDR genotyping. We determined prevalence mutations associated protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTI), and nonnucleoside (NNRTI) from plasma 40 drug-naive study participants HIV-1 pol gene sequences. Of these, 36 sequences belonged C, two A1, were A1C...

Infection caused by the lung fluke is endemic in north eastern parts of India. Paragonimus westermani and heterotremus are known to be Indian states Manipur Nagaland. The infection related eating habits locals acquired ingestion raw, inadequately cooked crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae which act as second intermediate hosts during life cycle fluke. Diagnosis generally delayed due lack suspicion presentation similar tuberculosis population. We report pleuropulmonary...

Pneumocystis jirovecii is a life-threatening opportunistic pathogen affecting immunocompromised hosts, especially renal transplant recipients. This study reports an outbreak of seven such cases, both inpatients and outpatients, occurring in our hospital over period 4 months (January–April 2013). All patients were male with median age 38 years (range, 28–58 years); the between transplantation diagnosis was 39.5 11–123 months). One patient succumbed to infection. Two breakthrough developing...

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is an important opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed hosts. At our center, nine transplant recipients developed PJP over a 4-month period. The median time from was 56 months and none of them on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis at the developing infection. Over half had been admitted to renal ward for unrelated indications contracted in-hospital. Diagnosis based microbiological demonstration P. sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage symptomatic patients....

A BSTRACT Introduction: Although diarrheal diseases are highly preventable, they remain one of the leading causes mortality and morbidity in pediatric population developing countries. Knowledge etiological agents is essential to implement public health programs. Viral infections most common cause acute infectious diarrhea among children. There a paucity information regarding viral enteropathogens responsible for India, as many hospitals do not routinely carry out diagnostic tests detection....

A BSTRACT Introduction: Theory papers have been the most commonly employed method to assess learning outcomes in medical education. In these papers, both recall abilities and higher-order cognitive functions need be assessed giving proper weightage as per relevance. Hence it becomes necessary that valid assessment methods are evaluate required objectives/competencies. The objective of study was develop a for analyzing postgraduate question various specialties. Methodology: rubric matrix...

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a real threat having the potential of impacting public health immensely. Biocides may contribute to AMR as they are routinely used in household formulations, often suboptimal concentrations. Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. ) can adapt biocides such chlorhexidine and cetrimide (CHX + CET) on repeated exposure develop cross-resistance antibiotics. Aim Objective: The aim was test CHX CET laboratory-adapted clinical isolates...

BACKGROUND In an infection caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenems is one the last antibiotics used, but carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a clinical challenge. A relatively new test which was described few years back known as modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) used to detect presence of activity in Gramnegative bacilli. Various studies show this be very sensitive and specific. We aim study mCIM positivity on samples are positive Kirby-Bauer...

Background & objectives: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) is an important resistance mechanism in Enterobacteriaceae infections. Lack of standard guidelines from Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for Amp C beta-lactamase detection poses a problem. This study was undertaken to detect ESBLs by phenotypic tests and inhibitor based method. Material Methods: 200 consecutive non-repetitive isolates E.coli, Klebsiella Proteus clinical samples were screened as per CLSI...

Tuberculosis is common in India but tubercular breast abscess still remainsa rare entity. This paradox exists due to misdiagnosis and underreporting. A high index of suspicion required diagnosing the condition which mimics pyogenic or benign disease. We present a case 21-year-old college student who presented surgical OPD with lump right breast. Prolonged treatment antibiotics did not show any clinical response. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on pus indicated presence...

Introduction and Background: Both human papillomavirus (HPV) the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are sexually transmitted. High-risk (HR) HPV types a causal factor in cervical cancer. Persistent infection this subset of immunocompromised women results faster disease progression. The study determined prevalence genotypes cervicovaginal secretions HIV seropositive correlation with CD4 counts cytology. Method: One hundred, non-pregnant, HIV-positive 18 years age above were enrolled cross-sectional...