Sundaland, a biogeographic region of Southeast Asia, is major biodiversity hotspot. However, little known about the relative importance Pleistocene habitat barriers and rivers in structuring populations promoting diversification here. We sampled 16 lowland rainforest bird species primarily from peninsular Malaysia Borneo to test long-standing hypothesis that animals on different Sundaic landmasses intermixed extensively when lower sea-levels during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) exposed...

Comparison of 1017 nucleotides mitochondrial ND2 and ND3 DNA sequences 26 individuals white‐crowned forktail Enicurus leschenaulti from SE Asia revealed multiple evolutionary lineages within Borneo. Montane birds were genetically homogeneous across localities, but diverged by more than 4.3% all other samples. Lowland formed two distinct clades, one consisting northern Borneo, the including western as well Sumatra Malaya. Relationships among subspecies not resolved. These findings indicate...

Poverty being multi-dimensional in nature is the product of various interactive socioeconomic factors. Some factors shaping economic status household may be cited as widowhood, disability, illiteracy, ageing, size, status, dependency, low wages female workers, responsibilities etc. Theory suggests that ability a to earn given level income great extent determined by characteristics internal household. The main purpose this paper identify explain their relative effect on poverty thus captured...

Topographically complex regions often contain the close juxtaposition of closely related species along elevational gradients. The evolutionary causes these replacements, and thus origin maintenance a large portion diversity gradients, are usually unclear because ecological differentiation gradient or secondary contact following allopatric diversification can produce same pattern. We used reduced representation genomic sequencing to assess genetic relationships gene flow between three...

Abstract Aim A current model of rain forest population diversification in Sundaland specifies east–west vicariance into refugia during the early Pleistocene. In some taxa, this division was followed by dispersal and apparent secondary contact on Borneo late To investigate genetic, morphological, spatial temporal characteristics model, we compared genomic plumage variation among four bird species with mt DNA structure. Location western (Sumatra Malay Peninsula). Methods We quantified patterns...

The phylogeny of spiderhunters (Nectariniidae: Arachnothera) was reconstructed by comparing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences all currently recognized species with broad geographic sampling two particularly variable complexes, the Little Spiderhunter (Arachnothera longirostra) streaky (A. modesta A. affinis). It appears to be a relatively old group, whose diversification not caused recent sea-level changes. However, modern, highly sympatric distribution large in Sunda lowlands probably...

Abstract Aim The traditional view of species’ distributions is that they are less abundant near the edges their ranges and more towards centre. Testing this pattern difficult because complexity across wide geographical areas. An alternative strategy, however, to measure distributional patterns along elevational gradients. We applied strategy examine whether lowland forest birds indeed common upper range limits on a Bornean mountain, tested co‐occurrence among species for potential causes...

Abstract Aim Our understanding of population diversification in the lowlands Sundaland has improved substantially over last 20 years through phylogeographical study, but we know almost nothing about mountains region. Here, apply genomic analysis and habitat modelling to phylogeography Chlorocharis emiliae , Mountain Black‐eye, an endemic montane bird Borneo with a sky‐island distribution, investigate structure interconnectivity its populations. In process, consider factors driving versus on...

Abstract Aim Physiological tolerances and biotic interactions along habitat gradients are thought to influence species occurrence. Distributional differences caused by such forces particularly noticeable on tropical mountains, where high turnover elevational occurs over relatively short distances distributions of particular can shift among mountains. Such shifts interpreted as evidence the importance spatial variation in interspecific competition or climatic gradients. To assess relative...

Mount Mulu, an isolated 2,376 m peak in eastern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, has not been thoroughly surveyed for bird species since shortly after the creation of Mulu National Park 1974. The is particular interest its isolation, spectacular limestone structures, bat flights, and extensive primary forest that ranges from near sea level to mountain's peak. We spent 2.5 months surveying, observing, mist-netting birds recorded 244 across elevational gradient 50–1,850 m, including 32 new 1979–82...

The Mountain Black-eye (Chlorocharis emiliae) is an endemic white-eye (Zosteropidae) of Borneo with a unique "sky island" distribution. We compared mitochondrial ND2, ND3, Cytb, and control region DNA sequences (2,194 nucleotides) to study the phylogeographic relationships five populations this species that span its range: Mounts Kinabalu, Trus Madi, Murud, Mulu, Pueh. These comparisons showed black-eyes are divided into two main clades correspond generally subspecific morphological groups:...

The Rufous-tailed Tailorbird (Orthotomus sericeus)—a Sunda endemic—is divided into 3 morphologically based subspecies: one in western Sundaland (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and associated islands), from the Natuna Islands South China Sea, on Borneo, Palawan, smaller islands of continental shelf east Borneo. Previous study, however, suggested that these subspecies do not conform to molecular genetic subdivisions species. We reexamined morphology performed phylogeographic multi-locus coalescent...

A contentious question in critical language studies has been whether and how ideology is embedded discourse. This attracted attention from scholars within the humanities social sciences. number of argue that there a dialectical relationship between ideology. Discourse internalizes internalized. By applying Critical Analysis (CDA) as transdisciplinary research approach, this paper (re)examines ideological construction globalization two types genres: newspaper Opinion-Editorial articles...

A total of 77 species from 34 families was recorded 11,863 observations November 2012 to April 2013 (six months) within Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) campus using line transect method. This bird list is dominated by Asian Glossy Starling (Aplonis panayensis) with 4,917 (41.45%) followed Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) 867 (7.31%) and Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) 752 (6.34%). study reports higher diversity (H’ = 2.5) compared previous studies. Density estimated at...

Corruption is so pervasive in the Republic of Indonesia that it has becomea rampant conundrum various economic, social, educational, and even religious sectors. Using discursive analysis as research methodology with Foucauldian paradigm, this paper aimed at identifying describing strategies used construction implementation anti-corruption education (Pendidikan Antikorupsi, PAK) by three State Islamic Higher Educational Institutions (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri, PTKINs) Aceh....