Warming from climate change is expected to reduce body size of endotherms, but studies temperate systems have produced equivocal results. Over four decades, we collected morphometric data on a nonmigratory understory bird community within Amazonian primary rainforest that experiencing increasingly extreme climate. All 77 species showed lower mean mass since the early 1980s—nearly half with 95% confidence. A third concomitantly increased wing length, driving decrease in mass:wing ratio for...

Variation in evolutionary rates among species is a defining characteristic of the tree life and may be an important predictor species' capacities to adapt rapid environmental change. It broadly assumed that generation length determinant microevolutionary rates, body size often used as proxy for length. However, has myriad biological correlates could affect independently from We leverage two large, collected datasets on recent morphological change birds (52 migratory breeding North America 77...

Biodiverse communities have been shown to sustain high levels of multifunctionality and thus a loss species likely negatively impacts ecosystem functions. For most taxa, however, roles individual are poorly known. Rare species, often go extinct, may unique traits functional roles. Alternatively, rare be functionally redundant, such that their would not disrupt We quantified the role by using captures wood-living (saproxylic) beetle combined with recent databases morphological ecological...

Climate, topography and the 3D structure of forests are major drivers affecting local species communities. However, little is known about how specific functional traits saproxylic (wood-living) beetles, involved in recycling wood, might be affected by those environmental characteristics.Here, we combine ecological morphological available for beetles airborne laser scanning (ALS) data Bayesian trait-based joint distribution models to study drive distributions more than 230 temperate Europe.We...

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the role traits in beetle community assembly and test for consistency these effects among several bioclimatic regions. We asked (1) whether predicted species’ responses environmental gradients (i.e. their niches), (2) same could predict co‐occurrence patterns (3) how consistent were niches Location Boreal forests Norway Finland, temperate Germany. Taxon Wood‐living (saproxylic) beetles. Methods compiled capture records 468 wood‐living...

Abstract Landscape multifunctionality, a widely accepted challenge for boreal forests, aims to simultaneously provide timber, non-timber ecosystem services, and shelter biodiversity. However, multifunctionality requires the use of novel forest management regimes optimally combined over landscape, an increased share sets asides. It remains unclear how this combination will shape stand vulnerability wind disturbances exposed timber volume. We growth simulations multi-objective optimization...

Abstract Mitigating future forest risks, safeguarding timber revenues and improving biodiversity are key considerations for current boreal management. Alternatives to rotation forestry likely have an important role, but how they will perform under a changing climate remains unclear. We used growth simulator explore variations on traditional clear-cutting, in length, thinning intensity, increasing number of remaining trees after final harvest (green tree retention), extent continuous cover...

Abstract Aim The traditional view of species’ distributions is that they are less abundant near the edges their ranges and more towards centre. Testing this pattern difficult because complexity across wide geographical areas. An alternative strategy, however, to measure distributional patterns along elevational gradients. We applied strategy examine whether lowland forest birds indeed common upper range limits on a Bornean mountain, tested co‐occurrence among species for potential causes...

Abstract Aim Physiological tolerances and biotic interactions along habitat gradients are thought to influence species occurrence. Distributional differences caused by such forces particularly noticeable on tropical mountains, where high turnover elevational occurs over relatively short distances distributions of particular can shift among mountains. Such shifts interpreted as evidence the importance spatial variation in interspecific competition or climatic gradients. To assess relative...

Mount Mulu, an isolated 2,376 m peak in eastern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, has not been thoroughly surveyed for bird species since shortly after the creation of Mulu National Park 1974. The is particular interest its isolation, spectacular limestone structures, bat flights, and extensive primary forest that ranges from near sea level to mountain's peak. We spent 2.5 months surveying, observing, mist-netting birds recorded 244 across elevational gradient 50–1,850 m, including 32 new 1979–82...

Globally, boreal forests cover 33 percent of Earth's forested area, constitute the largest terrestrial carbon source, and house an important biodiversity forest-dependent species, many which are saproxylic taxa reliant on a wide variety dead wood. This wood is most prevalent in old-growth forest, yet intensive management means that little old growth left, remaining rarely attain necessary age structure to resemble these original forests. There increasing recognition, however, have not been...

Wood-living beetles make up a large proportion of forest biodiversity and contribute to important ecosystem services, including decomposition. Beetle communities in managed southern boreal forests are less species rich than natural near-natural stands. In addition, many beetle rely primarily on specific tree species. Yet, the associations between individual species, management category, seldom quantified, even for red-listed beetles. We compiled capture dataset from flight intercept traps...

Abstract Insects are a hyper diverse and ecologically important group. Their high diversity, however, presents challenges in sampling methodology, because rare species unreliably detected with low effort. However, the relationship between effort detections, critical for effective monitoring evaluation of population trends, is too seldom quantified. We sampled forest beetles 3 months 4‐ha stand mixed deciduous southeastern Norway using 110 flight intercept (four types) Malaise traps, highest...

Abstract Globally, many insect populations are declining, prompting calls for action. Yet these findings have also prompted discussion about sampling methods and interpretation of long‐term datasets. As monitoring research efforts increase, it is critical to quantify the effectiveness methods. This especially true if biases different covary with climate, which changing over time. We assess two types flight intercept traps commonly used beetles, a diverse group responsible numerous ecosystem...

The Meratus Mountains of south-east Borneo are biogeographically interesting due to their isolation and potential endemicity. However, Meratus' birds have never been quantitatively surveyed or collected, so we know little community structure taxonomy. In May 2017, visited Mt. Besar in the range assess its avifauna collect specimens for phylogeographic study. Here, report on Besar's provide preliminary ND2-sequence assessments relationships. We recorded 89 species, which collected 68 species;...

Forests contribute to numerous ecosystem functions and services contain a large proportion of terrestrial biodiversity, but they are being negatively impaced by anthropogenic activities. that have never been clear-cut old growth characteristics, termed "near-natural," often harbor different richer species assemblages than managed forests. Alternative management strategies may be able balance the needs biodiversity with demands forestry, evaluation efforts limited challenges measuring...

Abstract Introduction Insects are reported to be in decline around the globe, but long-term datasets rare. The causes of these trends elusive, with changes land use and climate among top candidates. Yet if species traits can predict rates population change, this help identify underlying mechanisms. If change is important, for example, high-latitude may as temperate expand. Land changes, however, impact that rely on certain habitats. Aims methods We present 30 years moth captures (comprising...

Veteran hollow trees are keystone structures in ecosystems and provide important habitat for a diverse set of organisms, many which involved the process decomposition. Since veteran ‘islands’ high biodiversity, they unique system to study relationship between biodiversity decomposition wood. We tested this with balanced experiential design, where we quantified taxonomic functional diversity beetles directly decomposing wood, measured experimentally added bundles small diameter wood around 20...

Abstract Aquatic invasive species (AIS) present major ecological and economic challenges globally, endangering ecosystems human livelihoods. Managers policy makers thus need tools to predict invasion risk prioritize areas of concern, they often use native range climate matching determine whether a could persist in new location. However, for AIS relies on air temperature rather than water due lack global data layers, predictive power models is seldom evaluated. We developed 12 lake (water)...

Functional trait approaches are common in ecology, but a lack of clear hypotheses on how traits relate to environmental gradients (i.e., trait-niche relationships) often makes uncovering mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, measures community functional structure differ their implications, yet inferences seldom compared among metrics. Community-weighted mean values (CWMs), measure, largely driven by the most species and thus do not reflect community-wide relationships per se. Alternatively,...

Abstract: Altitudinal gradients provide tractable, replicated systems in which to study changes species richness and community composition over relatively short distances. Previously, was often assumed follow a monotonic decline with altitude, but recent meta-analyses show that more complex patterns, including mid-altitude peaks, are also prevalent birds. In this study, we used point counts survey birds at multiple altitudes on three mountains the island of Borneo Sundaland, an area for...

Indonesia’s many islands, large and small, make it an important center of avian diversity endemism. Current biogeographic understanding, however, is limited by the lack modern genetic samples for comparative analyses from most these conservation efforts are hampered paucity recent information small islands peripheral to major, more commonly visited islands. In November December 2016, we Maratua, oceanic coral atoll 50 km east Borneo, Bawean, a volcanic island on Sunda continental shelf 150...

Migratory waterfowl are an important resource for consumptive and non-consumptive users alike provide tremendous economic value in North America. These birds rely on a complex matrix of public private land forage roosting during migration wintering periods, substantial conservation effort focuses increasing the amount quality target habitat. Yet, habitat is function not only site's resources but also its geographic position weather. To quantify this value, we used continental-scale...