Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells help combat opportunistic infections. Thus, MAIT are of interest in HIV/SIV vaccination and infection. We investigated cell dynamics function rhesus macaque blood bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) following mucosal adenovirus (Ad)-SIV recombinant priming, intramuscular SIV envelope boosting infection repeated low-dose intravaginal exposures. Increased frequencies over the course were observed, which maintained even 12-weeks post-SIV BAL only...

Introduction Symptom recognition and timely access to treatment are critical components of acute stroke care systems. Two mnemonics widely used in public educational campaigns for recognizing symptoms include FAST (Face-Arm-Speech-Time) BEFAST (Balance-Eyes-Face-Arm Speech-Time). The mnemonic can miss up 14% strokes. includes common posterior circulation has been implemented by several Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs). Methods We sought analyze the pattern materials available on websites...

NK cells are essential for controlling viral infections. We investigated cell and innate lymphoid (ILC) dynamics function in rhesus macaque rectal tissue blood following mucosal priming with replicating adenovirus (Ad)-SIV recombinants, systemic boosting SIV envelope protein, subsequent repeated low-dose intravaginal exposures. Mucosal memory-like ILC subsets vaginal tissues of chronically infected macaques were also evaluated. No differences or frequencies cytokine production seen between...

Abstract Because of microbicide noncompliance and lack a durable, highly effective vaccine, combined approach might improve HIV prophylaxis. We tested whether vaccine–microbicide combination would enhance protection against SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Four macaque groups included vaccine only, vaccine–microbicide, controls. Vaccine were primed twice mucosally with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant env/rev, gag, nef recombinants boosted i.m. gp120 proteins alum. Controls...

Effective CD8+ T-cell responses play an important role in determining the course of SIV/HIV viral infection. Here we identified a unique population dysfunctional T-cells lymphoid tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) rhesus macaques with chronic SIV infection characterized by co-expression CD6 PD-1. The frequency PD-1 co-expressing was significantly increased BAL during compared to pre-infection levels. These CD6+PD-1+CD8+ displayed impaired proliferation, cytokine secretion cytotoxicity...

B1 cells spontaneously produce protective natural antibodies which provide the first line of defense against a variety pathogens. Although these share similar autoreactive features with several HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, role in HIV/SIV disease progression is unknown. We report presence human-like rhesus macaques. During chronic SIV infection, we found that frequency splenic CD11b+ positively correlated plasma viral load and exhausted T cells. Mechanistically, discovered express...

Cefepime is used for the treatment of nosocomial infections and serves as a carbapenem-sparing agent treating AmpC inducible bacteria. induced neurotoxicity (CIN) well-documented adverse effect, although data describing risk CIN in patients with history seizures (HOS) remains limited.

Vaccine strategies targeting the mucosal portal of entry may prevent HIV acquisition and systemic infection. Macrophages in cervicovaginal compartments are one first cell types to encounter virus upon vaginal exposure. Their activation can lead recruitment additional macrophages CD4+ T-cells susceptible viral However, they also critical providing early protection against invading pathogens. Therefore, understanding their response immunization is important for vaccine design. We immunized...

T follicular helper (T FH ) cells are pivotal in lymph node (LN) germinal center (GC) B cell affinity maturation. Circulating CXCR5 + CD4 (cT have supported memory activation and broadly neutralizing antibodies HIV controllers. We investigated the contribution of LN SIV-specific cT to Env-specific humoral immunity female rhesus macaques following a mucosal Ad5hr-SIV recombinant priming SIV gp120 intramuscular boosting vaccine regimen vaginal challenge. were characterized by flow cytometry....

As demonstrated by the recent COVID pandemic, vaccines can reduce burden arising from infectious agents. Adenoviruses (Ads) with deletion of early region 1B55K (ΔE1B Ad) are currently being explored for use in vaccine delivery. ΔE1B Ads different deletions 1 and 3 (ΔE1/E3) used most Ad vectors that they contain 1A (E1A), therefore ability to replicate. Common almost all clinical is 4 (E4). Among E4 genes open reading frame (E4orf1), which mediates signals through PI3-kinase/Akt pathway known...

We present a case of polymicrobial sepsis with Capnocytophaga spp. complicated by purpura fulminans following dog-bite in 50-year-old-man an extensive history opioid use disorder. Generally, severe cases are thought to occur patients underlying immune deficiencies. However, this highlights the importance maintaining clinical suspicion for infection immunocompetent patients, and we discuss role chronic opioid-use infection.

Introduction: Symptom recognition and timely access to treatment are critical components of acute stroke care systems. Two mnemonics widely used in public educational campaigns for recognizing symptoms include FAST (Face-Arm-Speech-Time) BEFAST (Balance-Eyes-Face-Arm Speech-Time). The mnemonic, endorsed by the AHA/ASA can miss up 14% strokes. includes common posterior circulation has been implemented several Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs). Methods: We sought analyze pattern materials...

Introduction Symptom recognition and timely access to treatment are critical components of acute stroke care systems. Two mnemonics widely used in public educational campaigns for recognizing symptoms include FAST (Face‐Arm‐Speech‐Time) BEFAST (Balance‐Eyes‐Face‐Arm Speech‐Time). The mnemonic, endorsed by the AHA/ASA can miss up 14% strokes. includes common posterior circulation has been implemented several Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs). Methods We sought analyze pattern materials...

Abstract As a vaccine delivery vector, Adenovirus (Ad) is recognized for its ability to prime immune responses against HIV and other infectious agents. We reported that early region 1B55k (E1B55k) deleted vector induced cellular immunity, transgene-specific antibodies innate signals including chemokines, cytokines NKG2D ligands MIC A/B in immunized mice. However, the priming of E3-E1B55k-E4orf1 E3-E1B55k- E4orf1-4deleted Ad vectors unknown. Here we compared HIV-specific generated by...

Abstract The efficacy of HIV vaccines relies on potent antibody (Ab) responses at major transmission sites such as the female genital tract (FGT). CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells, specialized in providing B cell help germinal centers (GCs) secondary lymphoid organs, play an important role initial stages HIV-specific Ab responses. Here we investigated SIV-specific and FGT immunity Rhesus macaques following mucosal priming with Ad5hr-SIV(Env/gag/nef) vectors wks 0 & 13 intramuscular...

Abstract Humoral immunity, especially at mucosal sites, is important for preventing HIV acquisition. Replicating adenovirus (Ad)-SIV priming/gp120 boosting regimens have elicited immunity and protection against intrarectal SIV challenge in Rhesus macaques. Here we investigated responses female macaques primed intranasally/orally, then intratracheally with Ad5hr-SIV(Env/gag/nef), boosted twice intramuscularly gp120, challenged vaginally repeated low-dose SIVmac251. Vaginal washes rectal swabs...

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting that orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. Interferon (IFN)-α, a cytokine produced by DCs, has both protective detrimental activities in viral infection. Here we assessed the phenotypes IFN-α production of mucosal circulatory DCs simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques during acute chronic infection to determine their contribution viremia control. Macaques were initially vaccinated with replicating...

Abstract TFH cells are critical for Ag-specific B cell selection in germinal centers (GCs). Circulating blood CXCR5+ CD4+ T (cTFH) were implicated development of broadly neutralizing antibodies HIV+ patients. We asked if an SIV vaccine regimen could induce GC and cTFH that supported anti-SIV humoral immunity. Female rhesus macaques (RM) primed twice mucosally with replicating Ad5hr-SIV recombinants (wks0&13) boosted intramuscularly SIVgp120 proteins (wks26&38). Blood, lymph nodes...