Abstract Price declines and volume growth of concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems are analysed using the learning curve methodology compared with other forms solar electricity generation. Logarithmic regression analysis determines a rate 18% for CPV 90% confidence that being between 14 22%, which is higher than rates generation (11% CSP 12 to 14% PV). Current system prices competitive PV CSP, which, when combined rate, indicates likely further improve its marketability. A target price 1...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCation-anion combination reaction. XII. Rates, equilibriums, and activation parameters for reactions of triarylmethyl cations in aqueous solutionCalvin D. Ritchie, J. Wright, Der Shing Huang, A. KamegoCite this: Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 5, 1163–1170Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March...

Disease associations of human T lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I -II) infection were studied in 154 HTLV-I-infected, 387 HTLV-II-infected, 799 uninfected blood donors. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) 99% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from logistic regression models controlling for demographics relevant confounders. All subjects immunodeficiency type 1-seronegative. HTLV-II was significantly associated with a history pneumonia (OR, 2.6; CI, 1.2–5.3), minor fungal 2.9; 1.2–7.1),...

Abstract Educators, trainers, and business people need to be able evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of Web‐based training in order make informed decisions about extent which this new media should used their organizations. The present study hypothesizes that there are several key design elements considered costing projects. relative importance these is examined using a case approach. methodology can employed future cost‐benefit studies training. This also provides detailed analysis, including...

In practice many data series contain observations at irregular times whereas most forecasting methods are restricted to the case of equal time intervals between points. This paper provides extensions Single Exponential Smoothing and Holt's Method irregularly spaced shows them be highly efficient computationally. The new applied six published series, their performance is analyzed via four error measures with respect changes in smoothing parameters.

The association between interest rate changes and stock returns has long been of to investors, all the more so recently as investors financial popular press have zeroed in on effect Federal Reserve actions rates. sensitivity common stocks can be measured using an alternative specification duration, empirical a measure that become accepted by fixed-income analysts portfolio managers. Analysis aggregate market considers economic sectors many industries indexes reflect different sizes...

The production of the Itocirc; and Stratonovich solutions a stochastic differential equation by various numerical integration procedures are discussed questions accuracy explored. relevant features calculus theory summarized.

In a history that now stretches about four decades, the high yield (HY) market has experienced growth in issuance and out‐standings is remarkable both for its level (about 13% per annum, with HY bonds accounting 25% of total corporate bond market) cyclicality sensitivity to broad economy. The also notable shift away from B‐rated toward lower‐risk Ba‐rated and, lesser extent, more risky Caa‐rated bonds. Consistent this development, studies performance show experiencing not only lower risk,...

Maximum revenue (or cost saving) from non-tracking photovoltaic (PV) modules used for distributed generation can be achieved by a module orientation that depends on how the electricity tariff varies with time of day and year. Many jurisdictions have real-time market prices large customers, time-dependent tariffs or depend peak demand. This paper quantifies impact such optimal PV using example California, Nevada Ontario, concludes should oriented to west south 28°, 46° 54° respectively. In...

This paper evaluates 3 types of credit card payment system, an e-check system and 2 digital cash systems, from the viewpoints of: privacy, traceability, transaction cost, ability to build up customers purchasing pattern. It also their advantages disadvantages customer, merchant, e-payment service provider financial institution. These systems employ cryptography provide security, however many consumers are still reluctant purchase over Internet because they concerned about hackers accessing...

The high volatility of rates returns on bonds during the 1980s received a great deal attention because it is readily acknowledged that bond return critical to analysis and management bonds. Yet there has been no detailed market for pre–1980 period would allow experience 1990s be put into perspective. authors analyze changing government over past 50 years examine how these changes compare well–documented stock market. A comparison Treasury indicates two markets differed dramatically time....

The extent of the diversity in telecommunication services next decade is investigated, using a number transport-oriented characteristics. Groups that have similar transport requirements are identified. results shown to implications on priority considerations headers asynchronous time-division multiplexing (ATDM), otherwise known as transfer mode, cells, and also provide an introduction strategy for ATDM switching into present network. A detailed service characterization taxonomy included.<...

The author identifies eight application scenarios for voice over ATM, and evaluates alternatives implementing the required network functionality. For single calls this involves evaluation of adaptation type, QoS, echo canceller deployment, use partially filled cells. a multiplex at least three to six it structured data transport option in AAL1, interworking with DSn/En fault management QoS. These issues determine choices users plus implementation priorities operators.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of alternative approaches that have been developed by IEEE, 3GPP and others for handover PSTN Internet sessions among multiple wireless technologies including UMTS, WiFi, WiMAX, Mobile-Fi WPANs. It evaluates these from the viewpoint provision QoS, Quality Service, seamless voice, videophone, gaming, audio/video streaming file download, shows how QoS at IP layer can be interworked with link layers to provide required user application. The method is...

Micro-tracked CPV, in which cells move relative to fixed concentrating optics, allows CPV be deployed the same manner as PV modules. Behind-the-meter applications locations where there is a land/roof area cost for space occupied by modules confers advantage compared PV. The primary objective of present paper estimate target prices below has competitive over We analyse and microgrids, optimizing scheduling power into out battery order achieve maximum savings purchasing grid power. then choose...