The variations of liver like the accessory fissures and lobes are a potential source diagnostic errors. knowledge in may help diagnosis, treatment planning minimize risk post operative complications. present study was aimed to observe morphological livers. done 70 formalin fixed human livers observed for variations. concluded normal morphology 54.28% anomalies 45.71% liver. most common were which found 32.86% second absence or incomplete fissure ligamentum teres 15.71% Then enlarged...

Introduction: The radiological space between two vertebrae is known as intervertebral (height) which corresponds to the thickness of disc. Lumbar disc most important structure maintains spinal function. An early diagnosis pathological changes in has clinical significance. Hence study aimed determine normal height and effect aging. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical performed on 106 images MRI scans lumbar region. Dimensions spaces (discs) such anterior, middle, posterior were...

Background: Evaluation analysis the learning capabilities and check knowledge with skills that students have gained during study period. Good evaluation scheme is a key issue in medical education. currently use are reviewed attention to their strength weaknesses. The purpose of present was determine perception regarding effectiveness Kathmandu University School Medical Sciences (KUSMS) which may enhance competency as well quality Materials Methods: This cross sectional questionnaire based...

Missed nursing care refers to necessary that is delayed, partially completed, or missing in a clinical, emotional, administrative aspect for any number of possible reasons might be intentional unintentional nature. It significant concern globally, affecting healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. This study aimed assess missed at tertiary hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was carried out among nurses working general critical unit Chitwan Medical College...

Background: Fissures of lungs facilitate the movement lobes which helps in expansion during breathing. The fissures may be complete, incomplete or absence. Sometime accessory also present. Awareness variations is essential segmental resections as well radiological interpretation lungs. Hence, present study was aimed to morphological and lobes.
 Material Methods: This consisted sixty nine human with irrespective sex were available department anatomy various medical colleges. All lung...

An atd angle is one of the dermatoglyphic patterns which an indication degree distal displacement axial triradius on palm. This markers diabetes mellitus that used as a screening tool in order to reduce risk onset and initiate early treatment. The aim this study find mean among type 2 patients visiting tertiary care centre.This descriptive cross-sectional was done diabetic centre from 9 June 2021 5 May 2022. Ethical approval taken Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: KUSMS/IRC...

Background: Hand grip strength is a simple procedure of assessing the function hand and forearm. It can be used as tool to evaluate nutritional status individual, neurological disorder assess post-operative patient. The affected by different variables such geographical variation, gender, height, weight, body mass index handedness individual. Objective: This study aims correlate with among Nepali population. Methods: was analytical cross-sectional conducted in students Kathmandu University...

Background: Mandibular canal runs in the body and ramus of mandible provides pas­sage for inferior alveolar nerve. Knowledge on spatial relationship with adjacent structures prevent damage to nerve during surgical procedures. This study aims find three-dimensional as well its relation third molar.
 Methods: was a cross sectional retrospective conducted Cone Beam Com­puted Tomography images. The position molar vertical horizontal dimensions were analyzed.
 Results: found be...

Background: The description of the human face has been a major concern since long time. Indi­vidual identification is one such field where anthropometric parameters, especially cephalo-facial measurements, are an important tool in determining various shapes head and face. Hence objective study was to determine face.
 Methods: present cross-sectional observational type which consisted 222 individuals (115 female 107 male). It conducted from January June, 2019 after receiving ethical...

Background: Lumbar region is the most vulnerable area for common symptom of backache. The lumbar part spinal canal encloses cauda equina. Narrowing can be either developmental or acquired. This leads to compression equina and subsequently pain develops which may further associated with neurological features. aim present study was measure dimensions vertebrae. 
 Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional type. It consisted 266 images computed tomography scan individuals. various vertebral...

Introduction: Any variations in shape or size of either one both kidneys may indicate sign its pathology. The study was aimed to determine normal values for renal dimensions among Nepalese children. 
 Methods: This a cross-sectional the 211 length, breadth and thickness were measured by computerised built calliper centimetre using ultrasound volume kidney calculated. Results: mean breadth, 7.05 ± 1.80 cm, 2.95 0.48 1.35 0.15 cm 15.09 5.91 cc right respectively; 7.36 1.89 2.98 0.18 15.98...

Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master of body. It’s size varies with age and gender. MRI safest effective diagnostic tool for examination.
 Objectives: This study was aim to determine anteroposterior, height transverse dimensions normal in different groups both sex MRI.
 Methodology: It a descriptive cross-sectional study. consisted 567 images individuals (242 males 325 females) various from 20 70 years Department Radio- diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital.
 Results: mean...

Background: The human foot shows variations in its dimensions and shape different age group of both male female. It can be used as gender predictor an individual forensic science investigations which may have a great value for identification unknown deceased
 body. This study was aimed to measure the various derive tool predict individual.
 Methods: cross-sectional type consisted 556 individuals (268 males 288 females). Foot (foot length breadth) were measured centimeter index...

Introduction: Evan's Index is a linear measurement of the ventricular size which used as an indirect marker volume. It widely screening tool to rule out enlargement. As enlargement indicates neuropathological state brain, serves quick and reliable method assess size. Objectives: The study aims generate baseline value among Nepalese population also investigates effect age gender on EI. Methodology: A quantitative was conducted in Department Anatomy, Kathmandu University School Medical...

Background: A sound knowledge of human anatomy is essential for the training new doctors their clinical practices. However, majority newly graduated medical feel as to be inadequate Hence, present study was aimed evaluate perception students regarding teaching and learning which may help determine areas strength weakness methodology. Methods: cross-sectional questionnaire-based consisted Kathmandu University School Medical Sciences. Google Form Questionnaire developed distributed obtaining...

Background: Mandibular canal runs in the body and ramus of mandible provides pas­sage for inferior alveolar nerve. Knowledge on spatial relationship with adjacent structures prevent damage to nerve during surgical procedures. This study aims find three-dimensional as well its relation third molar.
 Methods: was a cross sectional retrospective conducted Cone Beam Com­puted Tomography images. The position molar vertical horizontal dimensions were analyzed.
 Results: found be...

Introduction: The knee joint space is seen on anteroposterior radiograph as a radiolucent area between lower end of femur and upper tibia which an indirect way evaluating the cartilage thickness. 
 Objective: This study was aimed to determine in medial lateral compartments using digital radiograph. Methodology : cross-sectional study. It consisted radiographs 320 individuals. width each measured scale computerized software. Results: mean values for widths were found be 6.11±1.57 mm...

Background: The vertebral column is the central pillar of body which has cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal parts. Out these, lumbar part made up five vertebrae lies between thoracic above below. 
 Objective: study aimed to measure pedicle dimensions by using computed tomography scan.
 Methodology: This a descriptive cross-sectional was conducted on 115 images scan collected from Department Radio-Diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital May October 2019 after receiving ethical...

Background: The human foot shows variations in its dimensions and shape different age group of both male female. It can be used as gender predictor an individual forensic science investigations which may have a great value for identification unknown deceased body. This study was aimed to measure the various derive tool predict individual. Methods: cross-sectional type consisted 556 individuals (268 males 288 females). Foot (foot length breadth) were measured centimeter index derived sexes...

Background: The description of the human face has been a major concern since long time. Indi­vidual identification is one such field where anthropometric parameters, especially cephalo-facial measurements, are an important tool in determining various shapes head and face. Hence objective study was to determine face.
 Methods: present cross-sectional observational type which consisted 222 individuals (115 female 107 male). It conducted from January June, 2019 after receiving ethical...

Introduction: The liver possesses different patterns of intrahepatic duct confluences. Even though the typical pattern biliary is common, atypical variations are also frequently witnessed. knowledge confluences inevitable during hepato-biliary surgery to reduce post-operative complications. aim study was find out prevalence on magnetic resonanace cholangiopancreatography in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional done centre after receiveing ethical approval from...

Background: The cephalometry of newborn within first few days is important for assessment health status, neonatal death, growth and development. objective the study to provide a baseline data cephalic index observe sexual dimorphism. Methods: present was cross sectional type. It consisted 138(72 males, 66 females) healthy neonates born in Dhulikhel hospital via vaginal delivery. conducted from June 2019 March 2020 after receiving ethical approval. derived measuring length breadth head....