A5025903211- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Forest Management and Policy
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy
- Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Merger and Competition Analysis
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Global trade and economics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
- Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Coordination Chemistry and Organometallics
- Mining Techniques and Economics
- Agricultural pest management studies
- Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Crystallization and Solubility Studies
American University
2023
National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA)
2007-2018
Environmental Protection Agency
1999-2018
Government of the United States of America
1999-2018
University of California, Berkeley
1992-2007
Durham University
2007
US Forest Service
2006
United States Department of Agriculture
2006
Monsanto (United States)
2004-2005
Resources For The Future
1991-2005
"Biodiversity prospecting" has been touted as a mechanism for both discovering new pharmaceutical products and saving endangered ecosystems. It is unclear what values may arise from such activities, however. Evidence transactions incomplete existing theoretical models are flawed. We calculate an upper bound on the value of "marginal species." Even under favorable assumptions this modest. Slightly modified lead to drastically lower estimates. extend our findings marginal hectare habitat find...
<i>International donors invest billions of dollars to conserve ecosystems in low-income nations. The most common investments aim encourage commercial activities, such as ecotourism, that indirectly generate ecosystem protection a joint product. We demonstrate paying for directly can be far more cost-effective. Although direct-payment initiatives have imposing institutional requirements, we argue all conservation face similar challenges. Thus practitioners would well advised implement the...
Conventional wisdom has it that a country enacts strict environmental regulations will place its firms at competitive disadvantage. This view been challenged recently. Some commentators argue stricter regulation enhance domestic competitiveness: induce innovation. We evaluate this argument in strategic trade model. In very special cases strengthening of may result shift profits from foreign to firms. is not general result, however. Environmental should, course, be imposed control...
A multistep scalable synthesis of the clinically important hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor BILN 2061 (1) is described. The highly convergent and consists two amide bond formations, one etherification, ring-closing metathesis (RCM) step, using readily available building blocks 2-5. optimization each step described at length. main focus paper study RCM description problems faced when scaling up to pilot scale this powerful but very challenging synthetic operation. Eventually,...
ABSTRACT A number of international conservation donors support efforts to encourage indirectly by subsidizing commercial activities. Such plans beg two questions. First, if ventures are expected be profitable, why is external financing necessary for their initiation? Second, not could greater incentives generated making direct payments? We examine these questions in detail. While we find that the practical impediments instituting a payment programme may substantial, any effective...
Abstract The United States has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol, restricting ability of forests from participating internationally as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission offset projects. As a result, proliferation different registry and program rules is occurring in States, providing an opportunity for US forestry community to mitigate GHG emissions. This article addresses Protocol principles additionality, permanence, leakage, challenges way that these are being used qualify forest projects...
Structure guided optimization of a series nonpeptidic alkyl amine renin inhibitors allowed the rational incorporation additional polar functionality. Replacement cyclohexylmethyl group occupying S1 pocket with (R)-(tetrahydropyran-3-yl)methyl and utilization different attachment point led to identification clinical candidate 9. This compound demonstrated excellent selectivity over related unrelated off-targets, >15% oral bioavailability in three species, efficacy double transgenic rat model...
The Boehringer-Ingelheim phosphinoimidazoline (BIPI) ligands were applied to the formation of chiral quaternary centers in asymmetric Heck reaction. Several different substrates examined detail, using more than 70 members this new ligand class. Hammett relationships determined through systematic variation electronics. All showed essentially same behavior, where enantioselectivity increased as made electron-deficient. Ligand optimization has led catalysts which give highest...
The authors investigate the effects of knowledge spillovers, numbers incumbents, and demand characteristics on market equilibria involving either noncooperative firms or a research joint venture. Firms engage in cost-reducing R&D before competing outputs. Noncooperative expenditure is socially suboptimal with convex likely to be so under general functions. A venture all industry always invests too little relative social optimum. It may, however, lead better performance than achieved regime....
The synthesis, characterization, chemical vapor deposition, and mechanistic investigation of the thermal decomposition in aromatic solvents cis-bis(η2,η1-pent-4-en-1-yl)platinum (1) are described. Complex 1 has a unique chelated structure, giving rise to enhanced volatility, proved useful for deposition thin platinum films under mild conditions. Films deposited on glass slide hot walled tube at 175 °C have an elemental composition 82% Pt 18% C. Kinetic, deuterium labeling, trapping...
When the laboratory methods employed are qualitative, statistical methodologies used in testing for adventitious presence (AP) of transgenic material conventional seed and grain lots well defined. However, when response from method by is quantitative (e.g. percent DNA), developed qualitative not fully appropriate. In this paper, we present details procedures specific to methods. particular consider: (1) assessment errors using linear modelling; (2) process deciding whether or a lot meets...
Extremely fast and at low temperatures, alkoxido complex 1 reacts with CS2 to the corresponding Re–O insertion product by direct attack of electrophile on O atom ligand. In contrast, reaction aryloxido 2 requires higher temperatures (100 °C) seven days' time; here loss a phosphine ligand probably constitutes first step. The importance such studies in design catalyst systems is obvious.
Many hope that the ecosystem services framework will provide a new and generous source of conservation funding. Heather Tallis Peter Kareiva (2005) write “realization market worth has potential to increase funding by orders magnitude”. This enthusiasm sparked an impressive volume work within service (Turner Daily, 2008). Fisher co-authors (2009) document exponential in number published papers employing terms “ecosystem services” or “ecological services”, beginning from essentially...