We hypothesized that, relative to harvesting small grain grasses at the soft-dough stage (SDS) of maturity, boot (BS) maturity would result in cheaper dairy rations when commodities' prices are high but not low. Small plots grains were planted during fall 2020 and 2021 Blacksburg, Blackstone, Orange, Virginia. In each year location, 2 varieties barley, rye, 4 triticale replicated 6 times, yielding 288 plots. Within we harvested half BS other SDS maturity. For grasses, formulated 8 according...

O afogamento é o processo do comprometimento respiratório por submersão ou imersão em líquido. qual apresenta uma prevalência crianças menores a 4 anos e sexo masculino. Segundo Organização Mundial de Saúde, representa terceira causa morte não intencional no mundo, indicando 7% todos os óbitos. Este estudo se justifica pela necessidade compreender frequência óbitos acidentais Brasil, analisando como as políticas prevenção fatores socioeconômicos afetam amenização desse problema. Seu objetivo...

The objective of this on-farm study was to determine the effect corn planting density on nutritional quality whole-plant for silage. This performed in a commercial 1,900-cow dairy farm located Piedritas (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Two hybrids (A and B) were planted experimental plots within cornfield destined Hybrids sown at theoretical seeding rate 60,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000 seeds/ha 4 replicates per hybrid. Plots eight 50-m-long rows separated by 52cm. Corn with no-till seeder equipped...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, nutritional composition, and digestibility conventional (CON) brown midrib (BMR) pearl millet (PM) with different establishment dates, maturity at harvest when mixed cowpea (CWP). In trial 1, CON BMR were planted on two dates. 2, BMR, or not CWP, harvested PM boot heading stages. dry matter (DM) yield similar between both genotypes but delaying reduced DM by 30%. Additionally, had a lower concentration acid detergent lignin (ADL) higher...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect drought stress on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin (LIG) concentrations in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (IVNDFD) leaf blades stem internodes corn for silage. Eight plots were blocked (i.e., 4 blocks) randomly subjected a watered (W) or non-watered (NW) treatment. Within each block, split into 7 sub-plots, which 1 hybrids assigned. Before planting, all irrigated with 150 mm water ensure consistent emergence seedlings....

The objective of this on-farm study was to determine the effect planting density on yield, nutritional composition, and fiber digestibility corn silage. This performed during spring summer seasons 2014 2015 at 2 commercial dairy farms located in Virginia. included 7 cornfields with different growing harvesting conditions. In each cornfield, planted plots a theoretical seeding rate 55,000, 70,000, 85,000, 100,000 seeds/ha (55K, 70K, 85K, 100K, respectively). Each had 4 replicates within...

The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional composition and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation kinetics brown midrib (BMR) non-BMR genotypes within across warm-season annual grasses. Four commercial varieties (two two BMR) corn, sorghum, pearl millet were planted in plots. Forage samples incubated rumen three rumen-cannulated cows for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 240 h. On an NDF basis, all forage types showed lower acid lignin (ADL) concentrations BMR genotypes, but...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding diets with different fractions undegraded NDF (uNDF) and potentially degradable (pdNDF) on ruminal degradation passage kinetics lactating dairy cows. Six rumen-cannulated (533 ± 43 kg BW 122 15 DIM) 6 non-cannulated (558 62 126 16 primiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned 1 2 experimental in a crossover design 28-d periods. The formulated include either alfalfa hay (ALFA) or orchardgrass (ORCH) addition corn silage. Rations contain...

Due to the occurrence of plastic impaction in ruminants and its deleterious effects on health production, it is necessary determine suitability biodegradable polymers replace polyethylene-based agricultural plastics, such as hay netting. The objectives this study were evaluate clearance a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) melt-blend polymer from rumen when fed cattle subsequent animal health. Twelve Holstein bull calves dosed with an encapsulated 13.6 g...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects corn-planting population, using two conventional (Conv) and brown-midrib (BMR) hybrids, maturity stage at harvest on forage dry-matter (DM) yield, silage quality, in-vitro fiber digestibility. conducted in fields with contrasting production potential, where both corn hybrids were planted a theoretical planting population 59,000, 79,000, 99,000 seeds/ha. Corn harvested early-dent (early) or 2/3 milk-line (late) stage. An interaction...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects interseeding crabgrass (CG) with two annual summer legumes on forage nutritional composition, dry matter (DM) yield, and in vitro fiber digestibility. conducted as a randomized complete block design four replicates per treatment. Plots were randomly assigned one six mix treatments. Crabgrass, cowpea (CWP), lablab (LL) planted monoculture or mixtures, resulting Throughout growing season (three cuts), CG had highest biomass followed by...

Manure injection is an alternative manure application method that can alter the spatial distribution of relative to surface application. Eight study sites were established assess how versus broadcasting affects corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) silage growth, soil nutrient dynamics, and distribution. Specifically, yield, nitrogen (N) uptake, nitrate (NO₃-N), carbon mineralization (C-min), permanganate oxidizable (POXC) measured. Soil samples taken represent whole plot means for both...

Biotin is a cofactor of the gluconeogenic enzymes pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and propionyl-coenzyme A (PCC). We hypothesized that biotin supplementation increases activity gene expression PC PCC phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (40 +/- 2 kg/d milk yield 162 35 d milk) were randomly assigned to 1 diet sequences crossover design with two 22-d periods. Treatments consisted basal (60% concentrate) containing 0 or 0.96 mg/kg...

The objective of this study was to describe the reproductive performance 23 grazing-based dairy farms from western Buenos Aires province in Argentina. data set included breeding season starting May 2011 and ending March 2012. Submission, conception, pregnancy rates ranged 42.4 70.2%, 20.1 44.9%, 10.3 24.5%, respectively. No correlation observed between conception submission rates, suggesting that with poor but relatively high might increase by simply putting more effort into increasing...