A5021552958- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Biochemical Acid Research Studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Analytical chemistry methods development
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Maritime Security and History
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Military History and Strategy
- Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Kiel University
2019
Abstract The seas worldwide are threatened by a “new” source of pollution: millions tons all kind warfare material have been dumped intentionally after World War I and II, in addition to mine barriers, failed detonations as well shot down military planes sunken ship wrecks carrying munitions. For example, the German parts North Baltic Sea approximately 1.6 million metric toxic conventional explosives (TNT others) more than 5000 chemical weapons present. Such unexploded ordnance (UXO)...
After World War II, large amounts of ammunition were dumped in surface waters worldwide, potentially releasing harmful and toxic compounds to the environment. To study their degradation, items Eastern Scheldt The Netherlands surfaced. Severe damage due corrosion leak paths through casings observed, making explosives accessible sea water. Using novel techniques, concentrations ammunition-related surrounding seabed seawater analyzed at 15 different locations. In direct vicinity ammunition,...
Baltic mussels (Mytilus spp.) were exposed to the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) for 96 h (0.31–10.0 mg/L) and 21 d (0.31–2.5 mg/L). Bioaccumulation of TNT its degradation products (2- 4-ADNT) as well biological effects ranging from gene cellular levels behaviour investigated. Although no mortality occurred in concentration range tested, uptake metabolism responses antioxidant enzymes histochemical biomarkers observed already at lowest concentrations. The characteristic shell closure...
Abstract In the Bay of Luebeck, two out several munition dumping areas in German Baltic Sea are located, where approximately 65,000 t munitions were dumped post-World War II period. The explosives used these munitions, such as nitroaromatic compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its metabolic transformation products 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, (2-ADNT) considered mutagenic carcinogenic pose a potential threat to marine ecology human health when they leak...
A multitude of anthropogenic pressures deteriorate the Baltic Sea, resulting in need to protect and restore its marine ecosystem. For an efficient conservation, comprehensive monitoring assessment all ecosystem elements is fundamental importance. The Marine Environment Protection Commission HELCOM coordinates conservation measures regulated by several European directives. However, this holistic hindered gaps within current schemes. Here, twenty-two novel methods with potential fill some...
In addition to endangering sea traffic, cable routes, and wind farms, sunken warship wrecks with dangerous cargo, fuel, or munitions on board may emerge as point sources for environmental damage. Energetic compounds such TNT (which could leak from these munitions) are known their toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity. These cause potential adverse effects marine life via contamination of the ecosystem, entry into human food chain directly affect health. To ascertain impending danger an...
To determine the amount of explosives 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and its metabolites in marine samples, a toolbox methods was developed to enhance sample preparation analysis various types such as water, sediment, different kinds biota. achieve this, established were adapted, improved, combined. As result, if explosive concentrations sediment or mussel samples are greater than 10 ng per g, direct extraction allows for time-saving preparation; below...
Abstract This review provides an overview of 15 years munitions research by the Institute Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig‐Holstein, Kiel, Germany. As early as 2009, it was possible to detect TNT metabolite 4‐ADNT in a quantity 250 ng/g (wet weight) blue mussels collected directly on munition items Kolberger Heide dumping area (Bight Baltic Sea, Germany). Based these results, biomonitoring with established, which uncontaminated were...
Abstract Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on global scale. Research within EU Interreg project Wrecks (NSW), cooperation with German Aerospace Centre, Institute for Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into status wrecks, potential leakage pollutants from remaining munitions loads effects contamination exposed marine organisms environment. Further, historical documents are generated archives...
Seas worldwide are threatened by an emerging source of pollution as millions tons warfare materials were dumped after the World Wars. As their metal shells progressively corroding, energetic compounds (EC) leak out and distribute in marine environment. EC taken up aquatic organisms pose a threat to both ecosphere human seafood consumer because toxicity potential carcinogenicity. Here, sediment samples fish from different locations German North Sea Lower Saxony examined determine whether...
Abstract Millions of tons all kind munitions, including mines, bombs and torpedoes have been dumped after World War II in the marine environment do now pose a new threat to seas worldwide. Beside acute risk unwanted detonation, there is chronic contamination, because metal vessels corrode toxic carcinogenic explosives (trinitrotoluene (TNT) metabolites) leak into environment. While mechanism toxicity carcinogenicity TNT its derivatives occurs through capability inducing oxidative stress...
Submerged munitions from World War I and II are threatening human activities in the oceans, including fisheries shipping or construction of pipelines offshore facilities. To avoid unforeseen explosions, remotely controlled "blast-in-place" (BiP) operations a common practice worldwide. However, after underwater BiP detonations, toxic carcinogenic energetic compounds (ECs) will not completely combust but rather distribute within marine ecosphere. shed light on this question, two comparable...
Submerged munitions are present in marine waters across the globe. They contain energetic compounds (ECs), such as TNT and metabolites thereof, which considered carcinogenic, exhibit toxic effects organisms, may affect human health. The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence ECs their trends blue mussels from annual collections German Environmental Specimen Bank sampled over last 30 years at three different locations along coastline Baltic North Sea. Samples were analyzed by...
Since World War I, considerable amounts of warfare material have been dumped at seas worldwide. After more than 70 years resting on the seabed metal shells these munitions are corroding, such that  different kinds chemicals leak out and distribute in marine environment. Energetic compounds as TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) its derivatives known for their toxicity carcinogenicity, thereby posing a threat to Toxicity studies suggest chemical components unlikely cause acute organisms....
The Baltic and North Seas still contain large amounts of dumped munitions from both World Wars. exposure the munition shells to seawater causes corrosion, which leads disintegration a leakage energetic compounds, including highly toxic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), consequently threatening marine environment. To evaluate risk accumulation compounds conventional in food chain, we analyzed presence TNT its metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) as...