A5002498561- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Biotin and Related Studies
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
2010-2025
Hamamatsu Photonics (Japan)
2022
Hamamatsu University
2010
The presence of activated microglia in the brains healthy elderly people is a matter debate. We aimed to clarify degree microglial activation aging and dementia as revealed by different tracers comparing binding potential (BPND) various brain regions using first-generation translocator protein (TSPO) tracer [11C]( R)PK11195 second-generation [11C]DPA713. BPND levels, estimated simplified reference tissue models, were compared among young individuals patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)...
BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) hypothetically modulates cognitive functions by facilitating or inhibiting neuronal activities chiefly in cerebral cortex. The effect of tDCS deeper brain region, basal ganglia-cortical circuit, remains unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate interaction between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations and dopamine release following tDCS.MethodThis study used a randomized, placebo-controlled,...
GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult brain. However, GABAergic transmission depolarizing during early postnatal development, suggesting that changes expression of cation–Cl− co-transporters regulating neuronal Cl− homeostasis underlie ontogeny functions. The developmental expressions co-transporter mRNAs neocortex were opposite directions for NKCC1 (Cl− uptake) and KCC2 extrusion). In newborn, mRNA was highest ventricular zone followed by cortical plate, then Layer V/VI,...
It is still unclear why some early Parkinson disease (PD) patients with unilateral parkinsonism develop bilateral soon after the diagnosis made as Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage 1 others remain stable for a long time. Here, we examined in vivo changes brain dopaminergic system using PET dopamine transporter radiotracer, <sup>11</sup>C-2-B-carbomethoxy-3B-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (<sup>11</sup>C-CFT), to elucidate pathophysiologic characteristics of converters. <b>Methods:</b> Twelve drug-naïve PD...
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) previous studies postmortem brain or peripheral samples. The authors investigated whether and where mitochondrial occurs living brains individuals with ASD to identify clinical correlates detected dysfunction.This case-control study used positron emission tomography (PET) 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-{6-[2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-ethoxy]-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy}-2H-pyridazin-3-one ([18F]BCPP-EF), a...
Abstract Background Although the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) still remains unclear, one promising hypotheses is neuroinflammation hypothesis. [1] In this hypothesis, activated microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in brain patients with MDD. These lead to activate serotonin transporter (5-HTT) indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), decreasing concentration synaptic cleft, resulting state. However, best our knowledge, no previous study tested...
Background: The α7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is considered important in higher cognitive functions, and cholinergic loss underpins pathophysiology Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, relationships between nAChR function clinical functions or amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition remain to be explored living AD brain. Objective: We aimed elucidate relationship availability specific region decline Aβ-confirmed Methods: Twenty patients ten age-matched healthy subjects were...
Brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition during normal aging is highlighted as an initial pathogenetic event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Many recent brain imaging studies have focused on areas deactivated cognitive tasks [the default mode network (DMN), i.e., medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus/posterior cortex], where strength functional coordination was more or less affected by cerebral Aβ deposits. In present positron emission tomography study, to...
The serotonin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). A recent report proposed that body image distortion (BID), a core symptom AN, may relate to abnormalities system, especially transporter (5HTT). Positron emission tomography (PET) studies underweight patients with active AN reported alterations receptors, but not 5HTT. Here, we aimed disclose clinicopathophysiology by focusing on 5HTT and cognitive functions, including BID, groups AN. Twenty-two female...
Oxytocin (OT) and the serotonergic system putatively play important roles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology symptoms, but no direct neurobiological evidence exists for long‐term OT administration effects on brain's system. This pilot study examined 10 male participants with ASD who were administered intranasally 8–10 weeks an open‐label, single‐arm, nonrandomized, uncontrolled manner. Positron emission tomography (PET) a radiotracer ( 11...
OBJECTIVE Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson’s disease is effective; however, its mechanism unclear. To investigate the degree of neuronal terminal survival after STN-DBS, authors examined striatal dopamine transporter levels before and treatment association with clinical improvement using PET [ 11 C]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([ C]CFT). METHODS Ten patients who had undergone bilateral STN-DBS were scanned twice C]CFT just 1 year surgery....
Objective: Functional decline in daily life is a common difficulty among patients with dementia. Nevertheless, little known about the neural correlates of functional decline. We hypothesized that impairment associated metabolic abnormalities distinct regions cases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Methods: After 49 AD, 13 FTD, 21 normal participants underwent [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography scan, we evaluated relations between measured...
Abstract The progression of neuroinflammation after anti-parkinsonian therapy on the Parkinson’s disease (PD) brain and in vivo evidence purporting neuroprotection remain unclear. To elucidate this, we examined changes microglial activation, nigrostriatal degeneration, clinical symptoms longitudinally dopamine replacement early, optimally-controlled PD patients with without zonisamide treatment using positron emission tomography (PET). We enrolled sixteen (Hoehn Yahr stage 1–2), age-matched...
To minimize motion-related distortion of reconstructed images, conventional positron emission tomography (PET) measurements the brain inevitably require a firm and tight head restraint. While such restraint is now routine procedure in imaging, physiological psychological consequences resulting from have not been elucidated. address this problem, we developed restraint-free PET system conducted scans under both restrained non-restrained conditions. We examined whether during could alter...