Investigating the influences of different sterilization methods on overall juice quality is essential for production high-quality juice. The effects ultra-high temperature instantaneous (UHT), thermosonication (TS), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), and irradiation (IS) physicochemical properties, functional components, color <italic>Aronia melanocarpa</italic> (AMJ) were investigated. In addition, anthocyanin target metabolomics used to explore AMJ profile. All treatments effectively ensured...

To meet the need to transmit increasingly massive volumes of data, a more than 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Ka-band sheet beam traveling-wave tube (SB-TWT) is reported for first time. Working under unsaturated drive, maximum gain obtained 29 dB with 30.9 kV, 0.82 A, and efficiency exceeds 24% single-stage collector depressed -15 kV. The 1-dB bandwidth reaches 6 GHz from 26 32 output power greater 2 can even reach 7GHz 33 GHz. realization 99.8% static transmission as well over 97% actual CW...

In future electronic devices, the trade-off between power capacity and thermal management will be a severe challenge. this letter, sheet beam slow-wave structure (SB-SWS) has been proposed to realize high-power output while taking into account cooling design inside traveling-wave tubes (TWT). The of modified ensures sufficient axial electric field component efficient interaction, meanwhile expands width metal vanes by 327% micro-channel cooling. load for interception increased 25%. Utilizing...

Accurately defining the level of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in a power grid is an important process evaluating effects magnetic storm disturbance on grid. With full-node model presented this paper, long-term geomagnetic disturbances 400-230-kV Ethiopia are calculated. Two parameters, namely, GICMax-H and GICMax-L (highand low-probability extreme values), which bases risk assessment GIC, proposed. The differences interaction GIC between 230- 400-kV grids November 9-11, 2004,...

Pest management is pivotal for ensuring secure grain production and constitutes a fundamental strategy in combating pests that detrimentally affect supplies. Given the complexity dynamic nature of pests, it imperative farmers implement coordinated prevention control strategies. Such measures are essential to augment efficacy these efforts reduce risks posed by agricultural crops. This research involved survey 1205 households spanning three representative provinces Northwestern China. By...

As global environmental challenges intensify, promoting green agricultural production technologies (GAPTs) that balance ecological and economic benefits at the farmer level has become a crucial pathway to achieving sustainable development. To achieve this goal, study uses an Ordered Probit model, which empirically tests impact mechanisms of digital supply marketing (DSM) participation on farmers’ adoption GAPTs, based micro-survey 1272 farmers from Shaanxi Province, Gansu Ningxia Hui...

In response to the urgent requirement for a high-power millimeter-wave system with small size, low cost, and excellent maneuverability in W-band, compact high average power sheet beam extended interaction oscillator (SB-EIO) based on periodic cusp magnet (PCM) is designed, fabricated, hot tested reliability verified. The maximum output 10.2 kW at working duty of 1%. When increased 27%, an 2.2 achieved, corresponding <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

This article proposes a longitudinal output structure in Ka-band sheet beam traveling-wave tube (SBTWT) with an ultrawideband transmission and high breakdown collector voltage. A novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) cutoff is designed to separate the slow-wave (SWS) depressed collector. The large stopband property of EBG applied achieve not only low gap leakage but also long distance provide voltage 3-D simulations single show full (26.5–40 GHz) reflection less than −20 dB −0.02 dB. entire...

This article explores an extremely high beam–wave interaction (BWI) efficiency technology of sheet beam traveling wave tubes (SBTWTs). An all-period phase velocity tapering optimization method is proposed to improve BWI slow structure (SWS). The effects the special electron bunching state and synchronous change on improvement generated by this are analyzed. To solve computational burden caused dozens parameters, self-developed 1-D nonlinear code used calculate BWI. For best effect, particle...

The utilization of phase velocity tapering or jumping techniques in the design traveling wave tubes (TWTs) has become a widely accepted practice for enhancing efficiency beam–wave interaction. However, these approaches are not without their challenges, as they can lead to series self-excited oscillation (SEO) issues that restrict further improvement power. In this article, nonlinear numerical method is explored fast prediction SEO nonuniform periodic sheet beam TWTs (NP-SBTWTs). thresholds...

In this article, a compact mode selection filter and converter for the 0.22-THz sheet beam traveling-wave tube (SB-TWT) has been proposed, fabricated, tested to realize selective absorption of high-order without interference on working mode. The reasonable structure placement is explored from theory manufacturing method in order minimize reflection distortion by junction discontinuity. Two proof-of-concept prototypes have fabricated analyze error sources terahertz device. And corresponding...

The chaotic dynamics of fractional order systems has attracted much attentions. In this brief paper, we study the unidirectional driving-response synchronization hyperchaotic Lu systems. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments on verifying effectiveness proposed method for synchronizing are both given. A sufficient conditions choosing proper linear feedback gains is given, too. systemspsila scheme designing algorithm technique can be extended to other similar problems.

Based on the generalized Adams-Bash-forth-Moulton predictor-corrector algorithm, dynamics of fractional order hyper-chaotic Lü system is investigated in detail. Firstly, we discussed range it to behave hyper-chaotic. Then, based stability theory fractional-order and state-observer theory, a state observer designed fulfill target tracking states original chaotic system. Under our scheme, response achieved linear relation synchronization with driving Finally, theoretical analysis numerical...

Based on a prediction-control scheme, new strategy for stabilizing unstable fixed points of fractional chaotic system is proposed in this brief paper. The control price low, since the designed controller will be set only when trajectory approaches near to target according so-called ergodicity system. Numerical experiments are also provided verify rightness our scheme by taking unified as an illustration.

Considerable progress has been made in the development of sheet beam traveling-wave tubes (SB-TWTs) that operate millimeter-wave and terahertz domains. However, research pertaining to SB-TWTs operating super high frequency (SHF) band is notably lacking. In this article, potential for future advancement into SHF investigated. To address technical challenges sideband oscillation excessive size, an ultra-wideband flattened design proposed verified. The employs a flat electric field with 84.6%...

The accurate location of radiated passive intermodulation (R-PIM) source activated by antennas has become a tough problem in modern multicarrier wireless communication systems. In order to precisely locate multiple harmful R-PIM sources, we develop novel imaging method called the cascaded time-reversal signals classification (CTR-MUSIC). This multiplies group (TR-MUSIC) pseudo-spectra together form new pseudo-spectrum. multiplication highly brightens pseudo-spectrum peaks easily identify...

Chaos may be degenerated because of the finite precision effect, hence, in this work, for given a new fractional order three-dimensional chaotic attractors, numerical investigations on dynamics system have been carried out. The stability equilibrium is analyzed according to qualitative theory. Furthermore, control technique designed, special compound structure attractor investigated, and some simulations are proposed. results show that can generate complex under constant parameter. This...

A novel optimization method is proposed for design of high compression ratio sheet beam electron gun. Since the traditional gun requires more manual debugging, this combining fuzzy control theory and genetic algorithm greatly reduces time cost to obtain global optimal solution. With method, a W-band with 10:1 optimized about 70% saved compared optimization.

A design method of the metamaterial-based output window is analyzed. By equivalent medium theory (EMT), dielectric constant can be changed by its proportion. Compared with traditional multi-layer window, flexibility this significantly improved. The simulated result has achieved a frequency bandwidth about 7.5 GHz for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$TE_{11}$</tex> mode circular waveguide in Ka-band. measurement shows −20 dB 7...