A wideband low-scattering metasurface with optical transparency and flexibility is proposed by using the combination of phase cancellation absorption mechanisms. Electromagnetic (EM) diffusion achieved through random distribution design two coding elements. The enhanced energy can be obtained in a wide spectrum indium tin oxide (ITO) suitable sheet resistance supercells. experimental results show that radar cross section (RCS) reductions less than -10 dB under planar conformal cases are...

Oil–air–water three-phase flow patterns in small-diameter vertical measurement channels are complex, making it difficult to establish techniques for interpretation of logging information. In this study, dynamic experiments involving oil–air–water flows were performed using a novel production tool that combined petal-type turbine flowmeter, conductance sensor, and an optical fiber sensor simulation well. Sensor response characteristics researched, new method measuring the rate was proposed....

Hot spin-coating improves the photovoltaic performance of PDI oligomer based OSCs.

In this paper, a dual-ring conductance probe array-based well logging instrument was developed and method based on the support vector classification (SVC) voting methods proposed to identify oil-water flow patterns in vertical well. The of are classified into five patterns, i.e., pure oil phase, water water-in-oil, oil-in-water, transition. records time-varying electrical characteristics oil- flow, which is referred as original signals. Various features extracted characterize each signal....

First, the measuring principle, weight function, and magnetic field of novel downhole inserted electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) are described. Second, basic design EMF is Third, dynamic experiments two EMFs in oil-water two-phase flow carried out. The experimental errors analyzed detail. results show that maximum absolute value full-scale better than 5%, total flowrate 5-60 m³/d, water-cut higher 60%. 7%, 2-60 70%. Finally, onsite high-water-cut oil-producing wells conducted, possible reasons...

In this paper, a conductance probe-based well logging instrument was developed and the total flow rate is combined with response of probe to estimate water cut oil–water in vertical well. The records time-varying electrical characteristics flow. Linear least squares regression (LSR) nonlinear support vector (SVR) were used establish models map features extracted from onto cut, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) partial (PLSA) techniques employed reduce data redundancy within...

Abstract In order to solve the problem of dynamic pure-water electrical conductivity measurement in process calculating water content oil-water two-phase flow production profile logging horizontal wells, a six-group local-conductance probe (SGLCP) is proposed measure flow. The structures conductance sensors which include SGLCP and ring-shaped (RSCP) are analyzed by using finite-element method (FEM). simulation, electric field distribution generated RSCP investigated, responses measuring...

Oil-water two-phase flow is widespread in petroleum industry processes. The study of oil-water horizontal pipes and the liquid holdup measurement are great importance for optimization oil production process. This paper presents a novel sensor, i.e., mini-conductance probe (MCP) measuring pure-water phase conductivity segregated pipes. MCP solves difficult problem obtaining correction water measurements by using ring-shaped water-cut meter (RSCWCM). Firstly, finite element method (FEM),...

Water volume fraction is an important parameter of two-phase flow measurement, and it urgent task for accurate measurement in horizontal oil field development optimization production. The previous ring-shaped conductance water-cut meter cannot obtain the response values corresponding to water conductivity oil–water oil-producing wells characterized by low yield liquid, velocity high cut. Hence, inserted axisymmetric array structure sensor, i.e. a six-group local-conductance probe (SGLCP),...

Velocity and flow field are both parameters to measure characteristics, which can help determine the logging location response time of instruments. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an intuitive velocity measurement method. However, due limitations acquisition equipment pipe environment, a horizontal small-diameter with high water cut low based on PIV has errors in excess 20%. To solve this problem, paper expands one-dimensional displacement sub-pixel fitting two dimensions improves...

In this article, a novel four-electrode electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) is proposed for flow rate measurement in polymer-injection wells. The ideal response model of the EMF established. model, weight function and intensity magnetic field are both derived, according to which numerical calculations conducted. calculation results show that annular area between oil tubing, symmetrically distributed near electrodes poles, respectively, rapidly attenuating along radius direction. potential...

This paper presents a minimum root-mean-square error (RMSE)-based method for dual-circle conductance probe array to measure the water holdup of an oil–water two-phase flow in horizontal oil well. The consisting 24 probes, half which are equidistantly distributed on 34 mm radius inner circle and other 48 outer circle, is used estimate interface hence For same holdup, number probes immersed may vary with varying azimuth angle due limited probes. unknown well limit measurement accuracy holdup....

A flexible dual‐band efficient polarization converter is realized by both coupled mode theory (CMT) analysis and numerical simulation in the microwave regime. The proposed structure can convert linearly polarized electromagnetic waves into their orthogonal components two sidebands. Moreover, a specular reflection performance obtained central frequency band. conversion ratio (PCR) operating bandwidth of dual band dynamically modulated vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ). In results, it shown that...

A new type of conductance sensor is designed to measure both the flowrate and water cut simultaneously in oil/water two phase flow oil production wells. With sensor, watercut obtained by ratio conductivity mixture that water, gotten cross‐correlation measurement, which can figure out transit time fluid flowing noises passing through upstream downstream sensors sensor. In paper, principles measuring are introduced. The results dynamic experiment multiphase loop application field technology...

A new type of conductance sensor has been studied to simultaneously measure both flow rate and water cut oil-water two-phase fluid in production wells. The is obtained by the ratio conductivity mixture that water, cross-correlation measurement, which can determine transit time flowing noise signals passing through upstream downstream sensors sensor. In this article, structure principles measurement are introduced. results dynamic experiment a multiphase loop situ application technology...

Flow velocity measurement was an important research of oil-gas-water three-phase flow parameter measurements. In order to satisfy the increasing demands for detection technology, paper presented a gas-liquid phase method which based on energy demodulation algorithm combing with time delay estimation technology. First, separation and blind signal technology proposed. The signals were sampled by conductance sensor performed well, so gas-phase liquid-phase obtained. Second, we used get signals,...