Theropod teeth are typically not described in detail, yet these abundant vertebrate fossils only frequently reported the literature, but also preserve extensive anatomical information. Often descriptions, important characters of crown and ornamentations omitted, many instances, authors do include a description theropod dentition at all. The paucity information makes identification isolated difficult taxonomic assignments uncertain. Therefore, we here propose standardization morphometric...

Theropod dinosaurs form a highly diversified clade, and their teeth are some of the most common components Mesozoic dinosaur fossil record. This is case in Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) Portugal, where theropod particularly abundant diverse. Four isolated here described identified based on morphometric anatomical data. They included cladistic analysis performed data matrix 141 dentition-based characters coded 60 taxa, as well supermatrix combining our dataset...

The Lourinhã Formation (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) of Central West Portugal is well known for its diversified dinosaur fauna similar to that the Morrison North America; both areas share taxa including top predator Torvosaurus, reported in Portugal. material assigned Portuguese T. tanneri, consisting a right maxilla and an incomplete caudal centrum, was briefly described literature thorough description these bones here given first time. A comparison with referred Torvosaurus tanneri allows us...

Abstract In central South America, theropod remains are relatively scarce in comparison to the southern part of continent, with shed teeth being primary fossils found this region. We examined 179 isolated from Bauru Basin, Brazil, using linear discriminant analysis (LDA; N = 178) and phylogenetic (N 174). The LDA used eight measurements, seven morphotypes. Although results suggest presence various American clades, such as Carcharodontosauridae, Noasauridae, Spinosauridae, a constrained...

Theropod teeth are particularly abundant in the fossil record and frequently reported literature.Yet, dentition of many theropods has not been described comprehensively, omitting details on denticle shape, crown ornamentations enamel texture.This paucity information striking basal clades, thus making identification isolated difficult, taxonomic assignments uncertain.We here provide a detailed description Megalosauridae, comparison to distinction from superficially similar all major theropod...

The non-avian saurischians that have associated eggshells and embryos are represented only by the sauropodomorph Massospondylus Coelurosauria (derived theropods), thus missing basal theropod representatives. We report a dinosaur clutch containing several crushed eggs embryonic material ascribed to megalosaurid Torvosaurus. It represents first of megalosauroids, filling an important phylogenetic gap between two distantly related groups saurischians. These fossils represent unequivocal found...

Six quadrate bones, of which two almost certainly come from the Kem beds (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous) south-eastern Morocco, are determined to be juvenile and adult individuals Spinosaurinae based on phylogenetic, geometric morphometric, phylogenetic morphometric analyses. Their morphology indicates morphotypes evidencing presence spinosaurine taxa ascribed Spinosaurus aegyptiacus and? Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis in Cenomanian North Africa, casting doubt accuracy some recent skeletal...

Abstract Epidermal scales in sauropsids perform a wide array of biological functions, which can relate to their shape and size. Accordingly, growth‐related changes scale morphology may reflect distinct functions between juvenile adult individuals, such as use mating interactions. Such patterns are poorly explored both extant reptiles non‐avian dinosaurs, limiting functional interpretations. Here, we investigate growth the ornithischian ceratopsid Chasmosaurus belli hadrosaurid Prosaurolophus...

The Middle Jurassic is a largely mysterious interval in dinosaur evolution, as few fossils of this age are known worldwide. In recent years, the Isle Skye has yielded substantial record trackways, and more limited inventory body fossils, that indicate diverse fauna dinosaurs living around lagoons deltas. Comparatively little about predators these faunas (particularly theropod dinosaurs), their among rarest discoveries. We here report two new isolated teeth, from Valtos Sandstone Formation...

Christophe Hendrickxa* , Leandro C. Gaetanobc, Jonah N. Choinierec Helke Mocked & Fernando Abdalaaca Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel San de Tucumán, Argentinab Departamento Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad Exactas y Naturales, Instituto Estudios Andinos ‘Don Pablo Groeber’, IDEAN (Universidad Buenos Aires, CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria – Pabellón II, C1428EGA, Autónoma Argentinac Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University...

Abstract Gomphodonts form a Triassic radiation of small to medium‐bodied (<0.5–2.5 m in length) quadrupedal cynodonts characterized by labiolingually expanded gomphodont postcanines. They were the dominant cynodont group Middle and Late ecosystems from Southern Hemisphere first predominantly herbivorous evolve. also therapsids develop hypsodonty dentition with complex occlusal patterns, their highly diagnostic upper lower postcanines show many different morphologies. Here, we explored...

The quadrate of reptiles and most other tetrapods plays an important morphofunctional role by allowing the articulation mandible with cranium. In Theropoda, morphology is particularly complex varies importantly among different clades non-avian theropods, therefore conferring a strong taxonomic potential. Inconsistencies in notation terminology used discussions theropod anatomy have been noticed, including at least one instance when no less than eight terms were given to same structure. A...

The dental morphology of the holotype theropod Sinraptor dongi from Jurassic Shishugou Formation China is comprehensively described. We highlight a combination features that appear to be restricted Sinraptor: (i) crowns with denticulated mesial and distal carinae extending root an irregular surface texture on enamel; (ii) D- salinon-shaped cross-sectional outline at crown base in mesialmost teeth; (iii) spiraling mesiolingually lingually positioned longitudinal groove adjacent carina; (iv)...

The discovery of theropod shed teeth associated with sauropod remains is relatively common in Cretaceous deposits Patagonia.However, only a handful studies have thoroughly explored the phylogenetic affinities dental material.Here, we describe and identify twelve partially complete skeleton titanosaur from Allen Formation (middle Campanian-lower Maastrichtian; Upper Cretaceous) Paso Córdoba, Río Negro, Argentina.Using three methods, namely cladistic analysis performed on dentition-based data...

Generally, inland waterway transport (IWT) is characterised by a high degree of reliability and safety compared to other modes. Against the background climate change debate however, new concerns are starting raise attention. IWT expected be more sensitive aspects than modes, e.g. in terms water level fluctuations resulting effects on costs reliability.The present paper specifically addresses topic adaptation change, taking as case-study. The results figuring based EC funded ECCONET project,...

Gomphodont cynodonts were close relatives of mammals and one the Mesozoic lineages cynodont therapsids that became extinct at end Triassic. Gomphodonts omnivorous to herbivorous animals characterized by labiolingually expanded postcanines, which allowed tooth-to-tooth occlusion. The morphology upper lower postcanines presents important means distinguishing among major within Gomphodontia, is, Diademodontidae, Trirachodontidae, Traversodontidae, but dentition most Diademodontidae...

The Kem Group of Southeastern Morocco, North Africa, is well known for theropod remains, especially isolated teeth. Here, a collection teeth assessed diversity using combination linear discriminant, phylogenetic, and machine learning analyses the first time. results confirm earlier studies on diversity, with referred to Abelisauridae, Spinosaurinae, Carcharodontosauridae. A single tooth ascribed non-abelisauroid ceratosaur or megaraptoran may represent enigmatic averostran Deltadromeus....

Abstract Cricodon metabolus is a trirachodontid cynodont from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of eastern and southern Africa. It has labiolingually expanded (gomphodont) postcanines but also sectorial tooth in last postcanine locus. In this paper, we examine crown microstructure isolated gomphodont belonging to holotype specimen taxon using scanning electron microscopy. The enamel both teeth prismless composed discontinuous columnar divergence units, supporting consistent presence synapsid...

The skull-bone quadrate in nonavian theropods is very diverse morphologically alongside the disparity of group as a whole. However this has been underestimated for taxonomic purposes. In order to evaluate phylogenetic potential and investigate evolutionary transformations quadrate, we conducted Catalano-Goloboff morphometric analysis well cladistic using 98 discrete related characters. provides fully resolved tree mirroring some degree classification theropods. morphology by its own wealth...