Titanosauriforms represent a diverse and globally distributed clade of neosauropod dinosaurs, but their inter-relationships remain poorly understood. Here we redescribe Lusotitan atalaiensis from the Late Jurassic Lourinhã Formation Portugal, taxon previously referred to Brachiosaurus. The lectotype includes cervical, dorsal, caudal vertebrae, elements forelimb, hindlimb, pelvic girdle. is valid can be diagnosed by six autapomorphies, including presence elongate postzygapophyses that project...

Diplodocidae are among the best known sauropod dinosaurs. Several species were described in late 1800s or early 1900s from Morrison Formation of North America. Since then, numerous additional specimens recovered USA, Tanzania, Portugal, and Argentina, as well possibly Spain, England, Georgia, Zimbabwe, Asia. To date, clade includes about 12 to 15 nominal species, some them with questionable taxonomic status (e.g., ‘Diplodocus’ hayi Dyslocosaurus polyonychius), ranging age Late Jurassic Early...

Theropod teeth are typically not described in detail, yet these abundant vertebrate fossils only frequently reported the literature, but also preserve extensive anatomical information. Often descriptions, important characters of crown and ornamentations omitted, many instances, authors do include a description theropod dentition at all. The paucity information makes identification isolated difficult taxonomic assignments uncertain. Therefore, we here propose standardization morphometric...

Theropod dinosaurs form a highly diversified clade, and their teeth are some of the most common components Mesozoic dinosaur fossil record. This is case in Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) Portugal, where theropod particularly abundant diverse. Four isolated here described identified based on morphometric anatomical data. They included cladistic analysis performed data matrix 141 dentition-based characters coded 60 taxa, as well supermatrix combining our dataset...

The Lourinhã Formation (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) of Central West Portugal is well known for its diversified dinosaur fauna similar to that the Morrison North America; both areas share taxa including top predator Torvosaurus, reported in Portugal. material assigned Portuguese T. tanneri, consisting a right maxilla and an incomplete caudal centrum, was briefly described literature thorough description these bones here given first time. A comparison with referred Torvosaurus tanneri allows us...

How snow leopard gradually adapted to the extreme environments in Tibet remains unexplored due scanty fossil record Tibet. Here, we recognize five valid outside-Tibet records of lineage. Our results suggest that dispersed out Tibetan Plateau multiple times during Quaternary. The osteological anatomy modern shows adaptation steep slope and, a lesser extent, cold/high-altitude environment. Fossils and phylogeny experienced gradual strengthening such adaptation, especially since Middle...

A new taxon of diplodocid sauropod, Kaatedocus siberi gen. et sp. nov., is recognized based on well-preserved cervical vertebrae and skull from the Morrison Formation (Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic) northern Wyoming, USA. phylogenetic analysis places it inside Diplodocinae (Sauropoda: Flagellicaudata: Diplodocidae), as a sister to clade uniting Tornieria africana classical diplodocines Barosaurus lentus Diplodocus. The diagnosed by unique combination plesiomorphic derived traits, well...

Machimosaurus was a large-bodied genus of teleosaurid crocodylomorph, considered to have been durophagous/chelonivorous, and which frequented coastal marine/estuarine ecosystems during the Late Jurassic. Here, we revise based on previously described specimens species within this genus. We conclude that there were three European another taxon in Ethiopia. This conclusion is numerous lines evidence: craniomandibular, dental postcranial morphologies; differences estimated total body length;...

Stegosaurian dinosaurs have a quadrupedal stance, short forelimbs, necks, and are generally considered to be low browsers. A new stegosaur, Miragaia longicollum gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Jurassic of Portugal, has neck comprising at least 17 cervical vertebrae. This is eight additional vertebrae when compared with ancestral condition seen in basal ornithischians such as Scutellosaurus. higher count than most iconically long-necked sauropod dinosaurs. Long length been achieved by...

A forelimb of a new sauropod dinosaur (Angolatitan adamastor n. gen. et sp.) from the Late Turonian Iembe (Bengo Province) represents first discovery in Angola, and is one few occurrences dinosaurs sub-Saharan Africa collected with good chronological controls. The marginal marine sediments yielding specimen are reported to be late age and, thus it non-titanosaurian at time taken dominated by titanosaurian forms. Moreover, Angolatitan only basal Somphospondyli known Cretaceous which implies...

Theropod teeth are particularly abundant in the fossil record and frequently reported literature.Yet, dentition of many theropods has not been described comprehensively, omitting details on denticle shape, crown ornamentations enamel texture.This paucity information striking basal clades, thus making identification isolated difficult, taxonomic assignments uncertain.We here provide a detailed description Megalosauridae, comparison to distinction from superficially similar all major theropod...

The non-avian saurischians that have associated eggshells and embryos are represented only by the sauropodomorph Massospondylus Coelurosauria (derived theropods), thus missing basal theropod representatives. We report a dinosaur clutch containing several crushed eggs embryonic material ascribed to megalosaurid Torvosaurus. It represents first of megalosauroids, filling an important phylogenetic gap between two distantly related groups saurischians. These fossils represent unequivocal found...

Metoposaurids are a group of temnospondyl amphibians that filled crocodile-like predatory niches in fluvial and lacustrine environments during the Late Triassic. common Upper Triassic sediments North Africa, Europe, India, America, but many questions about their systematics phylogeny remain unresolved. We here erect Metoposaurus algarvensis, sp. nov., first species from Iberian Peninsula, based on several new specimens bonebed Algarve, southern Portugal. describe cranial pectoral anatomy M....

Diplodocids are among the best known sauropod dinosaurs. Numerous specimens of currently 15 accepted species belonging to ten genera have been reported from Late Jurassic Early Cretaceous North and South America, Europe, Africa. The highest diversity is Upper Morrison Formation western United States: a recent review recognized 12 valid, named species, possibly three additional, yet unnamed ones. One these herein described in detail referred genus Galeamopus . holotype specimen pabsti sp....

Adult large-bodied theropods are often found with numerous pathologies. A large, almost complete, probably adult Allosaurus specimen from the Howe Stephens Quarry, Morrison Formation (Late Kimmeridgian-Early Tithonian), Wyoming, exhibits multiple Pathologic bones include left dentary, two cervical vertebrae, one and several dorsal ribs, scapula, humerus, right ischium, pedal phalanges. These pathologies can be classified as follows: fifth vertebra, ribs ischium traumatic, a callus on shaft...

Six quadrate bones, of which two almost certainly come from the Kem beds (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous) south-eastern Morocco, are determined to be juvenile and adult individuals Spinosaurinae based on phylogenetic, geometric morphometric, phylogenetic morphometric analyses. Their morphology indicates morphotypes evidencing presence spinosaurine taxa ascribed Spinosaurus aegyptiacus and? Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis in Cenomanian North Africa, casting doubt accuracy some recent skeletal...

Spinosaurids are some of the most enigmatic Mesozoic theropod dinosaurs due to their unique adaptations aquatic environments and relative scarcity. Their taxonomy has proven be especially problematic. Recent discoveries from Western Europe in general, specifically Iberia, provide best specimens for understanding phylogeny, leading description spinosaurid Vallibonavenatrix cani recognition Iberian dinosaur Camarillasaurus cirugedae as one them. Portuguese associated remains (ML1190) Papo Seco...

Mateus, O. & Milan, J. 2009: A diverse Upper Jurassic dinosaur ichnofauna from central-west Portugal. Lethaia, Vol. 43, pp. 245–257. A newly discovered track-assemblage the Lourinha Formation (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal), comprises medium- to large-sized sauropod tracks with well-preserved impressions of soft tissue anatomy, stegosaur and theropods. The 400-m-thick consists mostly aluvial sediments, deposited during early rifting Atlantic Ocean in Kimmeridgian Tithonian. stratigraphic...