Abstract Learned habitual responses to environmental stimuli allow efficient interaction with the environment, freeing cognitive resources for more demanding tasks. However, when outcome of such actions is no longer a desired goal, established stimulus–response (S-R) associations or habits must be overcome. Among people substance use disorders (SUDs), difficulty in overcoming associated their addiction favor new, goal-directed behaviors contributes relapse. Animal models habit learning...

Abstract Hormones mediate inter-organ signaling which is crucial in orchestrating diverse behaviors and physiological processes including sleep activity, feeding, growth, metabolism reproduction. The pars intercerebralis lateralis insects represent major hubs contain neurosecretory cells (NSC) that produce various hormones. To obtain insight into how hormonal regulated, we have characterized the synaptic connectome of NSC adult Drosophila brain. Identification neurons providing inputs to...

Hormones mediate inter-organ signaling which is crucial in orchestrating diverse behaviors and physiological processes including sleep activity, feeding, growth, metabolism reproduction. The pars intercerebralis lateralis insects represent major hubs contain neurosecretory cells (NSC) that produce various hormones. To obtain insight into how hormonal regulated, we have characterized the synaptic connectome of NSC adult Drosophila brain. Identification neurons providing inputs to multiple...

Monitoring sequential information is an essential component of our daily lives. Many these sequences are abstract, in that they do not depend on the individual stimuli, but ordered set rules (e.g., chop then stir when cooking). Despite ubiquity and utility abstract monitoring, little known about its neural mechanisms. Human rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) exhibits specific increases activity (i.e., “ramping”) during sequences. Monkey dorsolateral (DLPFC) has been shown to represent...

Abstract Sequential information permeates daily activities, such as when watching for the correct series of buildings to determine get off bus or train. These sequences include periodicity (the spacing buildings), identity stimuli kind house), and higher-order more abstract rules that may not depend on exact stimulus (e.g. house, business). Previously, we found posterior fundus area 46 in monkey lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) responds rule changes visual sequences. However, it is unknown...

Sequential information permeates daily activities, such as when watching for the correct series of buildings to determine get off bus or train. These sequences include periodicity (the spacing buildings), identity stimuli kind house), and higher-order more abstract rules that may not depend on exact stimulus (e.g., house, business). Previously, we found posterior fundus area 46 in monkey lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) responds rule changes visual sequences. However, it is unknown if this...

Treating the executive dysfunction associated with addiction is hampered by redundancies in pharmacological regulation of different behavioral control circuits. Thus, nonpharmacological interventions hold promise for treatment. Here, we show that, among people an history, 10-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (10Hz-tACS) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can reduce habitual actions. The fact that 10Hz-tACS regulate flexibility suggests its possible utility reducing harmful

Everyday task sequences, such as cooking, contain overarching goals (completing the meal), subgoals (prepare vegetables), and motor actions (chopping). Such tasks generally are considered hierarchical because superordinate levels (e.g., goals) affect performance at subordinate actions). However, there is debate to whether this hierarchy "strict" with unidirectional, top-down influences, it unknown if how practice affects levels. To investigate these questions, we manipulated sequences goal...

<h3>Abstract</h3> Many fundamental human behaviors contain multiple sequences performed to reach a desired outcome, such as cooking. Reward is inherently associated with sequence completion and has been shown generally enhance cognitive control. However, the impact of reward on processing remains unexplored. To address this key question, we focused rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC). This area necessary exhibits increasing ("ramping") activation during sequences, dynamic that may be...

Each day, humans must parse visual stimuli with varying amounts of perceptual experience, ranging from incredibly familiar to entirely new. Even when choosing a novel buy at bookstore, one sees covers they have repeatedly experienced intermixed recently released titles. Visual exposure has distinct neural correlates in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) nonhuman primates. However, it is currently unknown if this function may be localized specific subregions within LPFC. Specifically, we...

Hormones mediate inter-organ signaling which is crucial in orchestrating diverse behaviors and physiological processes including sleep activity, feeding, growth, metabolism reproduction. The pars intercerebralis lateralis insects represent major hubs contain neurosecretory cells (NSC) that produce various hormones. To obtain insight into how hormonal regulated, we have characterized the synaptic connectome of NSC adult Drosophila brain. Identification neurons providing inputs to multiple...

Abstract Each day, humans must parse visual stimuli with varying amounts of perceptual experience, ranging from incredibly familiar to entirely new. Even when choosing a novel buy at bookstore, one sees covers they have repeatedly experienced intermixed recently released titles. Visual exposure has distinct neural correlates in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) nonhuman primates. However, it is currently unknown if this function may be localized specific subregions within LPFC....

Abstract Everyday task sequences, such as cooking, contain overarching goals (completing the meal), sub-goals (prepare vegetables), and motor actions (chopping). Such tasks generally are considered hierarchical because superordinate levels (e.g., goals) affect performance at subordinate actions). However, there is debate to whether this hierarchy “strict” with unidirectional, top-down influences, it unknown if how practice affects levels. To investigate these questions, we manipulated...

Abstract Monitoring sequential information is an essential component of our daily lives. Many these sequences are abstract, in that they do not depend on the individual stimuli, but ordered set rules (e.g., chop then stir when cooking). Despite ubiquity and utility abstract monitoring, little known about its neural mechanisms. Human rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) exhibits specific increases activity (i.e., “ramping”) during sequences. Monkey dorsolateral (DLPFC) has been shown to...