Groundwater recharge (GR) is a key component of regional and global water cycles critical flux for resource management. However, estimates are difficult to obtain at scales due the lack an accurate measurement method. Here, we estimate GR using Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE) Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data. The regional-scale rate calculated based on groundwater storage fluctuation, which is, in turn, from difference between GRACE root zone soil GLDAS We...

In recent years, remote sensing images has become one of the most popular directions in image processing. A small feature gap exists between satellite and natural images. Therefore, deep learning algorithms could be applied to recognize We propose an improved Mask R-CNN model, called SCMask R-CNN, enhance detection effect high-resolution which contain dense targets complex background. Our model can perform object recognition segmentation parallel. This uses a modified SC-conv based on...

ABSTRACT The cumulative sum (CUSUM) and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts are alternatives to Xbar chart. CUSUM's theoretical optimality suggests that it should outperform EWMA for detecting persistent shifts, but practitioners have long thought two perform about equally. Each also involves design decisions on likely shift in process. This article quantifies effect of these choices concludes that, though CUSUM outperforms at which each was designed, if actual is...

The wide range, complex background, and small target size of aerial remote sensing images results in the low detection accuracy algorithms. Traditional algorithms have slow speed, making it difficult to achieve precise positioning targets. This paper proposes an improved algorithm based on You Only Look Once (YOLO)-v3 for images. Due difficulty obtaining datasets, research targets images, such as airplanes ships, is focus research. To make up problem insufficient data, we screen specific...

In the context of economic globalization, waterborne transportation plays an important role in international trade and logistics. However, occurrence traffic accidents poses a severe threat to life, property safety, environment. To gain deeper understanding causal mechanisms behind accidents, this study conducts data-driven analysis on chain accidents. By constructing hybrid framework integrating improved HFACS (Human Factors Analysis Classification System) with Bayesian Network model,...

Recent diffusion-based generative models achieve remarkable results by training on massive datasets, yet this practice raises concerns about memorization and copyright infringement. A proposed remedy is to train exclusively noisy data with potential issues, ensuring the model never observes original content. However, through lens of deconvolution theory, we show that although it theoretically feasible learn distribution from samples, practical challenge collecting sufficient samples makes...

In the context of economic globalization, waterborne transportation plays an important role in international trade and logistics. However, traffic accidents pose a severe threat to life, property safety, environment. To gain deeper understanding causal mechanisms behind accidents, we conducted data-driven analysis chain accidents. By constructing hybrid framework integrating improved HFACS (Human Factors Analysis Classification System) with Bayesian network model, multi-dimensional accident...

Phthalates (PAEs) constitute the primary components of indoor dust pollutants and significantly impact human reproductive health. However, research on novel alternatives to PAEs risk assessment mixed exposure has remained relatively sparse. In this study, 193 samples were collected in 2022 from various campus locations, including classrooms, canteens, dormitories, offices, laboratories. Forty-four traditional their identified, with concentrations ranging 0.44 91.5 μg/g. Di(2-ethylhexyl)...

Abstract Manufactured sand (MS) is a beneficial and sustainable supplement to natural (NS). This study investigated the mechanical properties of manufactured concrete (MSC) columns under axial compression. The effects test parameters including MS replacement rate, reinforcement ratio, slenderness steel fiber content on failure modes, strain, stiffness, flexibility, etc., were analyzed demonstrated. results showed that rate presented less effect whereas decreasing ratio specimens increasing...

In remote sensing images, small target size and diverse background cause difficulty in locating targets accurately quickly. To address the lack of accuracy inefficient real-time performance existing tracking algorithms, a multi-object (MOT) algorithm for ships using deep learning was proposed this study. The feature extraction capability detectors determines MOT algorithms. Therefore, you only look once (YOLO)-v3 model, which has better speed than other selected as detection framework. high...

Xindiangou Watershed in Suide, the Loess Plateau, China Deep soil water (DSW) is gradually depleted as vegetation stand age increases, resulting dried layers (DSLs) Plateau China. However, it unclear whether old-aged continues to use DSW under DSLs. This study monitored five times (2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2020) deep profile for three common types [Pinus tabuliformis Carr. (P. tabuliformis), Caragana korshinskii Kom. (C. korshinskii), Platycladus orientalis L. Franco orientalis)] planted...

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Abstract A nationwide survey was conducted in 2014 to investigate environmental outdoor radon level 33 provincial cities across China. The detector used a passive-type solid-state nuclear track detector, CR-39. Measurements were under the same condition following quality control programme. Outdoor concentrations China ranged from 3 30.0 Bq·m −3 . annual arithmetic and geometric mean concentration 14 13.2 , respectively. locations near or along coastline lower than average value, while those...

An environmental radioactivity survey by Airborne Gamma-ray Spectrometry (AGS) on a large scale was undertaken in Zhuhai Zone (ZZ) and Shenzhen (SZ), which include major cities southern China, covering areas of 3800 km2 4660 km2, respectively. The estimated dose rates AGS have been compared with observed results ionization chamber portable dosemeter. Maps the terrestrial rate at 1m above ground level calculated based data AGS. mean are 84.37 ± 51.69 82.10 32.98 nGy/h ZZ SZ, maximum 343.11...

As an energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology, sewage source heat pump is rapidly developing to be widely implemented in urban distributed energy system. However, the lifecycle, faulty operation of system (SSHPs) results wastage, low efficiency, unreliability shorter equipment life. A novel PCA-based fault detection methodology proposed for SSHPs. Analyzing square prediction error (SPE) Hotelling's T2 principal component analysis (PCA) a valid intelligent method figure out...

Greenhouses used for agricultural production have been expanding around the world because it significantly increases crop yield. Meanwhile, brings a series of environmental problems that should be considered in planning and management. The advent Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform makes remote sensing image processing more convenient efficient. It has widely applied multiple disciplines, but few studies investigated detection greenhouses. In this research, four different classification...

In this paper, we propose a radio-over-fiber system with no filters and generate 80 160 GHz millimeter (mm) waves via two Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs). The MZMs, biased at the maximum transmission point, are used to suppress odd-order sidebands. By controlling phase difference between RF driving signal of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn>...

Extreme precipitation is one of the most prevalent meteorological disasters occurring today. Its occurrence not only causes significant social and economic losses but also indirectly affects surface deformation, creating safety hazards for diverse ground features. Although there are presently high-precision, comprehensive tools such as continuous scattering interferometry to observe it takes a long time locate potentially vulnerable objects. A monitoring scheme deformation anomalies was...