In this review, we will discuss the idea that hippocampus may be involved in both memory and perception, contrary to theories posit functional neuroanatomical segregation of these processes. This suggestion is based on a number recent neuropsychological neuroimaging studies have demonstrated visual discrimination complex spatial scene stimuli. We argue findings cannot explained by long-term or working processing or, case patient findings, dysfunction beyond medial temporal lobe (MTL)....

Successful resolution of approach-avoidance conflict (AAC) is fundamentally important for survival, and its dysregulation a hallmark many neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the underlying neural circuit mechanisms are not well elucidated. Converging human animal research has implicated anterior/ventral hippocampus (vHPC) as key node in arbitrating AAC region-specific manner. In this study, we sought to target vHPC CA1 projection pathway nucleus accumbens (NAc) delineate contribution...

There has been considerable debate as to whether the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex may subserve both memory perception. We administered a series of oddity tasks, in which subjects selected odd stimulus from visual array, amnesic patients with either selective hippocampal damage (HC group) or more extensive medial temporal damage, including (MTL group). All performed normally when stimuli could be discriminated using simple features, even if faces complex virtual reality scenes were...

Investigations of memory in rats and nonhuman primates have demonstrated functional specialization within the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a set heavily interconnected structures including hippocampal formation underlying entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal cortices. Most studies humans, however, especially patients with brain damage, suggest that human MTL is unitary system supporting all types declarative memory, our conscious for facts events. To resolve this discrepancy, amnesic...

Abstract The medial temporal lobe (MTL), a set of heavily interconnected structures including the hippocampus and underlying entorhinal, perirhinal parahippocampal cortex, is traditionally believed to be part unitary system dedicated declarative memory. Recent studies, however, demonstrated perceptual impairments in amnesic individuals with MTL damage, hippocampal lesions causing scene discrimination deficits, object face deficits. degree impairment on these tasks was influenced by need...

Memory and perception have long been considered separate cognitive processes, amnesia resulting from medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage is thought to reflect a dedicated memory system. Recent work has questioned these views, suggesting that can result impoverished perceptual representations in the MTL, causing an increased susceptibility interference. Using matching task for which fMRI implicated specific MTL structure, perirhinal cortex, we show amnesics with including but not those limited...

This paper describes the Altera Stratix logic and routing architecture. The primary goals of architecture were to achieve high performance density. We give an overview entire device, then focus on is based a cluster ten 4-input LUTs its consists staggered lines. describe development architecture, including directional bias, direct-drive which reduces both area delay. array block cell design also described, new structures with in block, element features are described.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex may mediate processes beyond long-term declarative memory. We assessed patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or semantic dementia (SD) on a visual oddity judgment task did not place an explicit demand memory known be sensitive hippocampal lesions. Importantly, within medial temporal lobe, AD associated predominant atrophy, whereas SD have greater damage. The group was selectively impaired in for scenes,...

Impairments in visual discrimination beyond long-term declarative memory have been found amnesic individuals, with hippocampal lesions resulting deficits scene and perirhinal cortex damage affecting object discrimination. To complement these findings, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study that healthy participants oddity judgment for novel trial-unique scenes, compared face or size oddity, was associated increased posterior hippocampus parahippocampal activity. In contrast,...

The fornix is the main tract between medial temporal lobe (MTL) and diencephalon, both of which are critical for episodic memory. precise involvement in memory, however, has been difficult to ascertain since damage this human amnesics invariably accompanied by atrophy surrounding structures. We used diffusion-weighted imaging investigate whether individual differences white matter microstructure neurologically healthy participants were related memory as assessed two recognition tasks. Higher...

One current challenge in cognitive training is to create a regime that benefits multiple domains, including episodic memory, without relying on large battery of tasks, which can be time-consuming and difficult learn. By giving careful consideration the neural correlates underlying working we devised computerized memory task neurologically healthy participants were required monitor detect repetitions two streams spatial information (spatial location scene identity) presented simultaneously...

In China the exclusive breastfeeding rate remains low and infant formula is widely used. This study aimed to elicit compare mothers’ hospital staff perceptions of reasons that shaped decision feed. In-depth interviews with 50 mothers, four focus group discussions 33 staff, were conducted in Hangzhou Shenzhen November 2014. Responses given by mothers showed a number commonalities. The perception “insufficient breast milk” was cited majority women (n = 37, 74%) as reason for feeding. Mothers’...

Rodent models of anxiety have implicated the ventral hippocampus in approach–avoidance conflict processing. Few studies have, however, examined whether human plays a similar role. We developed novel decision-making paradigm to examine neural activity when participants made approach/avoidance decisions under conditions high or absent conflict. Critically, our task required learn associated reward/punishment values previously neutral stimuli and controlled for mnemonic spatial processing...

There has been much interest in how the hippocampus codes time support of episodic memory. Notably, while rodent hippocampal neurons, including populations subfield CA1, have shown to represent passage order seconds between events, there is limited for a similar mechanism humans. Specifically, no clear evidence that human activity during long-term memory processing sensitive temporal duration information spans seconds. To address this gap, we asked participants first learn short event...

Prevailing theory holds that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subserves declarative memory exclusively, whereas nondeclarative is independent of this brain region. Recent studies in patients with amnesia, however, have shown performance on tasks may not always be dependent a single MTL system, instead highlighting critical role anatomically distinct structures processing different stimulus types. In particular, hippocampus has been implicated spatial memory, perirhinal cortex seems for object...

The idea that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), traditionally viewed as an exclusive memory system, may also subserve higher-order perception has been debated fiercely. To support this suggestion, monkey and human lesion studies have demonstrated perirhinal cortex damage impairs complex object discrimination. interpretation of these findings has, however, disputed because impairments reflect a primary deficit in MTL-mediated working processes or, case patients, undetected to visual processing...

This paper describes architectural enhancements in the Stratix-III" and Stratix-IV" FPGA architectures. These architectures feature programmable power management, which allows performance of logic routing to be varied minimize total without any loss. technique used for experimental evaluation that led choice regions these The memory architecture is also explored by adding heterogeneous mapping Modeling Toolkit, explore LUT based structures. ALM structure provides more inputs than required a...