The paper analyses the effect of directional elements on circular antenna arrays fed by phase-mode excitations. These phase modes represent a convenient pattern-synthesis technique for as they correspond to Fourier terms far-field pattern. A serious limitation arrays, when employing omnidirectional elements, relates rapid variations in amplitude due changes array diameter or frequency. analysis shows how synthesis may be extended take account elements. It also reveals that use can overcome...

Focused high frequency electromagnetic waves reflected from a PEC paraboloidal surface placed in homogeneous, reciprocal and isotropic medium with chirality parameter are analyzed.The value of the is set such that it simultaneously supports modes negative positive phase velocities.Present work an extension previous work, which chiral only velocity.Using derived expressions, line plots focal region obtained.

Maslov's method is used to derive the expressions for high frequency flelds around focal region of a paraboloidal re∞ector coated with isotropic and homogeneous chiral medium. The fleld thus calculated are solved numerically, results presented in paper. Moreover, dependency electric on thickness medium its properties also studied. this study paper, conclusions drawn accordingly.

High frequency fleld expressions are derived at the focal points of a paraboloidal re∞ector placed in homogenous and reciprocal chiral medium. Firstly Geometrical Optics (GO) for As GO fails points, so Maslov's method has been used to flnd which also valid around point. By using hybrid space, combine simplicity ray theory generality Fourier Transform method. Some numerical results including contour plots line region medium obtained expressions.

In this manuscript a multi-layered miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces (MEFSSs) having band pass characteristics is proposed. The surface (FSS) design at X-band and exhibits harmonics free upto 30 GHZ, which suitable for the radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an object. metallic layers are either in form capacitive patches or inductive wires mesh very small sub-wavelength periods. multiple closely spaced act as single layer with increased capacitance. This technique reduces...

Dwarfism is a medical term used to describe individuals with height-vertex measurement that falls below two standard deviations (−2SD) or the third percentile for their gender and age. Normal development of growth complicated dynamic procedure depends upon coordination different aspects involving diet, genetics, biological like hormones in equilibrium. Any severe acute pathologic may disturb individual's normal rate growth. In this research, we examined four (A–D) Pakistani consanguineous...

Focal region field of a two dimensional Gregorian system coated with chiral medium is analyzed at high frequency. Maslov's method used because the Geometrical Optics approximation fails focal points. Maslov’s combines simplicity ray theory and generality Fourier transform. Fields patterns are calculated numerically results plotted. The effects thickness layer, chirality parameter permittivity analyzed. problem simple dielectric layer discussed as special case this problem.

A wideband polarization converting metasurface (MS) is designed, simulated and measured. The proposed design achieves cross conversion from 10.5 to 16.2 GHz. MS exhibit the property of insensitivity against variation in incidence angle (0°-60°) electromagnetic waves. unit cell imprinted on dielectric substrate supported by a metal ground plane. transform linearly polarized waves their orthogonal state, that is, x/y-polarized vice versa GHz band. To validate results, surface fabricated...

In this paper, the high frequency electromagnetic fleld expressions for two dimensional Cassegrain system embedded in a chiral medium are presented. Due to failure of Geometrical Optics (GO) at caustic region, Maslov's method is used flnd expressions. Two difierent cases have been analyzed. Firstly, chirality parameter (kfl) adjusted support positive phase velocity (PPV) both left circularly polarized (LCP) and right (RCP) modes traveling medium. Secondly, kfl such that one mode travels with...

This paper is a theoretical investigation and analysis of the focal region fields hyperbolic focusing lens embedded in chiral medium. Chiral-dielectric dielectric-chiral interfaces are studied behavior waves after passing through these discussed. Geometric optics (GO) used initially. However, it fails around because gives non-realistic singularity this region. So, Maslov's method caustic field made. The effect chirality variation on amplitude given Geometrical technique which to determine...

Sparse antenna array has many advantages like low mutual coupling, directive beam and cost effective because of less number elements as compare to equally spaced array. While the main limitation in this is high side lobe levels different inter element spacing. In paper optimized values spacing excitation amplitude for sparse linear are achieved minimize peak level using particle swarm optimization (PSO) with better convergence rate. Random considered half one wave length range. And...

Background: Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy (EPH) is a type of hysterectomy which performed in emergency and life-threatening situations like postpartum hemorrhage. Aim: To explore the lived experiences women after EPH. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) to total 10 participants were included study. Data collected using interview guide, audio written data recorded. Thematic analysis done thematic...

A wide band EBG resonator antenna with two layer of dielectric superstrates the same material is design which operating in X band. The act as Partially Reflective Surfaces (PRS) having positive reflection phase curve are suspended above a double sided dipole patch fed by coaxial cable pass through ground plane. Thus cavity constructed increases bandwidth and gain feed antenna. measured results validate simulation obtain from Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio. These show...

Focal region flelds of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) paraboloidal re∞ector placed in homogenous and reciprocal chiral medium are analyzed. Maslov's method is used to derive the expressions for focal because geometrical optics (GO) fails at these points. The results obtained by this solved numerically, line plots re∞ected fleld PEMC difierent values admittance chirality parameter medium.

Focal region flelds of a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) paraboloidal re∞ector placed in homogenous and reciprocal chiral medium are analyzed under the efiect high chirality parameter. The supports both negative phase velocity (NPV) positive (PPV) modes simultaneously strong coupling. geometrical optics (GO) have singularities at focal region. Therefore, to avoid these Maslov's method is used for flelds. results obtained using this solved numerically, line plots re∞ected fleld PEMC...

A multi band sleeve dipole antenna for jammer application is proposed. The can cover in which mobile and other wireless devices operate. design shows very good omni-directional characteristics scattering parameter S11 value less than -10db. made of two concentric hallow cylinder with different radius lengths. fed at the center coaxial cable pass through bottom thus avoids use complicated balun network. impedance bandwidth radiation pattern are measured analyzed both 900 MHz 1.8 GHz. also be...

A low profile multi layer miniaturized unit cell frequency selective surface (FSS) with second-order band-pass response is design. The metallic layers in the form of capacitive patches and inductive grids are separated by dielectric substrates. non-resonant sub-wavelength cells dimensions periodicities on order 0.15λ. overall thickness approximately 0.03λ designed which useful at lower frequencies long wavelengths. FSS exhibit a stable to different angles incidence polarizations. analysis...