Compact solid-state sources of terahertz (THz) radiation are being sought for sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy applications across the physical biological sciences. We demonstrate that coherent continuous-wave THz sizable power can be extracted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in layered high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. In analogy to a laser cavity, excitation an electromagnetic cavity resonance inside sample generates macroscopic state which large number synchronized...

The measurement of the Cu-O distances by a local and fast probe, polarized Cu K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) in L${\mathrm{a}}_{1.85}$S${\mathrm{r}}_{0.15}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ crystal shows two different conformations Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra below 100 K assigned to types stripes with lattice. This experiment supports model ``two components'' spatially separated superlattice quantum for anomalous properties cuprate superconductors.

The transfer characteristics of amorphous InGaZnO4 thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) were measured at temperatures ranging from 298 to 523 K in order analyze the behavior above-threshold (ON state) and subthreshold regions. For comparison, a hydrogenated silicon TFT (a-Si:H TFT) same temperature range. We developed simple analytical model that relates threshold voltage (Vt) decrease due increasing formation point defects a-IGZO. It is well known results generation free carriers oxide...

We discuss the ultraviolet (UV) photo-field effects in amorphous InGaZnO4 thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) compared with those hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs. It is shown that UV illumination induces a much more significant threshold voltage (Vt) decrease and OFF-current increase for a-IGZO TFTs than a-Si:H The Vt found to take several tens of min return initial state after switching off light. A qualitative model introduced explain photoresponse unique

A series of three experiments has been performed to test both the preference and accuracy high dynamic-range (HDR) rendering algorithms in digital photography application. The goal was develop a methodology for testing wide variety previously published tone-mapping overall accuracy. number were chosen evaluated first paired-comparison experiment image preference. rating-scale then designed further investigation individual attributes that make up This identify correlations between results...

Characteristic features of terahertz radiation emitted from a rectangular mesa comprised stacked intrinsic Josephson junctions in the layered high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ are reported. The emission with total power ∼5 μW at 0.63 THz shows characteristic spatial distribution reflecting shape. stability was measured for least 20 min. and fluctuation found to be less than 4%. Furthermore, is highly polarized linearly ratio 50:1. All features, including spectral purity narrower 4 GHz...

Abstract The largest output fluctuation is an index used to quantify the disturbance of a power grid caused by wind plants and photovoltaic generation systems connected it. In order develop its estimation method, we investigate relationship between standard deviation newly proposed random variable generated differencing variation systems. Output coefficients are defined estimated using measured data located at 52 places. An approximation equation presented predict geographical correlations...

Temperature-dependent polarized Cu K-edge x-ray absorption has been used to investigate local structural distortions in the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ plane of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ system. The Cu-O pair distribution shows presence a minority phase containing ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{6}$ octahedra characterized by shorter Cu-O(apical) bond (\ensuremath{\Delta}R\ensuremath{\sim}-0.1 \AA{}) and two longer Cu-O(planar) bonds...

Abstract The effects of climate events on the feeding ecology and trophic dynamics Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in offshore waters central Gulf Alaska were investigated during early summers (1994–2000), based analyses stomach contents, carbon nitrogen stable isotopes δ 13 C 15 N). Gonatid squids (mainly Berryteuthis anonychus ) dominant prey all species except for chum O. keta ). During 1997 El Niño event 1999 La Niña event, decreased sharply diets coho kisutch Subarctic Current,...

The Cu-O pair-distribution function in a ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathit{y}}$ superconductor has been measured by polarized Cu K-edge extended x-ray-absorption fine structure at T${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. results show an anomalous long (planar) distance, 1.96 \AA{}, assigned to distorted ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ stripes of width W intercalated with undistorted L. From the measurement L=15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 \AA{} we have...

The valence states and local structure of ${\mathrm{LiMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have been investigated in comparison with those ${\mathrm{ZnMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ by using x-ray-absorption spectroscopy on the Mn $K$ edge, order to study Jahn-Teller (JT) transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{a}}=280\mathrm{K}.$ In near-edge spectra, a systematic edge shift accordance formal manganese was found, confirming...

The present report reviews results from 20 carcinosarcoma patients, and compares them with 773 cases of squamous cell carcinoma the esophagus treated surgically at National Cancer Center Hospital 1971 to 1988. Although there were no significant differences in age, sex, symptoms or location between two groups, group had morphological characteristics as follows. (1) Seventy-five percent carcinosarcomas elevated type. (2) tumor was large. (3) depth invasion limited esophageal wall 80%...

Abstract This paper reviews the status of characterization defects in β -Ga 2 O 3 crystals grown by edge-defined film-fed growth and hydride vapor phase epitaxy using chemical etching, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam X-ray topography (XRT), transmission microscopy (TEM). The observed are classified into four types: dislocations, stacking faults (SFs), twins, plate-like nanovoids (PNVs). First, we present detailed dislocations crystal XRT, TEM, discuss possible slip systems....

The Raman spectrum of hexagonal BaTiO 3 has been investigated in the temperature range from 2 K to room temperature. Below structural-phase-transition T a (∼222 K), we find corresponding underdamped soft-phonon modes; mode frequencies are proportional ( - ) β with β∼1/3 wide (0.5< / <0.95). Although, ferroelectric phase below c (∼74 several new features observed, no soft which correlates transition is found.

Eight high-dynamic-range image rendering algorithms were tested using ten pictorial images. A large-scale paired comparison psychophysical experiment was developed containing two sections, comparing the overall performances and grayscale tone mapping performance respectively. An interval scale of preference created to evaluate results. The results showed consistency tone-mapping with results, illustrated that Durand Dorsey's bilateral fast filtering technique Reinhard's photographic...

We compare the mutual interactions between top-and bottom-gate fields in a dual-gate structure for amorphous InGaZnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (a-IGZO) and hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs). find that a-IGZO TFTs show more significant than a-Si:H TFTs. By using wide variety of with varying thicknesses gate-insulator layers, we have investigated, on basis conventional fully depleted n-channel...

Planar defects in -oriented β-Ga2O3 wafers were studied using X-ray topography. These planar rectangular with dimensions of 50-150 µm, and the topography analysis revealed that they stacking faults (SFs) enclosed by a single partial dislocation loop on plane. The SF formation was found to be supported unique structural feature plane as slip plane; consists close-packed octahedral Ga O layers, allowing slips form SFs. Vacancy arrays along b axis layer reduce self-energy edge component...

The statistical distribution of the Cu site conformations in CuO2 plane Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y (Bi 2212) has been measured by a fast and local probe K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) as function temperature. are frozen at T < T* = 120 K ~ 1.4 Tc two well-defined characterized Cu-O(apical) bond lengths separated 0.17 ± 0.02 Å. with short 2.38 Å have probability 41 2% T*. diffraction experiments show that exhibit one-dimensional anharmonic modulation, period λp 25 Å, electron...