The development of dynamic building envelope technologies, which adapt to changing outdoor and indoor environments, is considered a crucial step towards the achievement nearly Zero Energy Building target. It currently not possible evaluate energy saving potential innovative adaptive transparent envelopes in an accurate manner. This creates difficulties selecting between competing technologies barrier systematic these technologies. main aim this work develop method for devising optimal...

This paper is the second of a two part study, which aims to evaluate performance adaptive insulation. Part 1 proposes simulation framework for optimising insulation design and control parameters, it describes its implementation, validates strategy qualitatively. applies framework, by means parametric study on specific building typology in particular climatic region, explore potential this context. Alternative configurations strategies opaque wall applications are evaluated, an office room...

The increasing insulation levels imposed by building regulations have the effect of reducing heating energy use, while cooling use and/or thermal comfort especially in summer. Adaptive technologies could provide an opportunity to reduce simultaneously improving indoor environmental quality, but there is a lack information about performance these novel technologies. This paper first two part study, which aims evaluate adaptive insulation. Part 1 proposes simulation framework for optimising...

Hypermucoviscosity is a hallmark of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP). However, the molecular basis its regulation largely unknown. We hypothesize that hypermucoviscosity modulated via two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs). In-frame deletion mutants all 33 response regulators hvKP ATCC43816 were generated using CRISPR/CAS and evaluated for their impacts on hypermucoviscosity. The regulator OmpR required

For dc-dc converters with pulsating output current, such as boost and buck-boost converters, the use of leading-edge or trailing-edge pulse width modulation (PWM) can result in distinctly different behavior. This phenomenon is not readily captured by usual averaged model but be predicted a discrete-time model. However, model, which tracks dynamics state variables over switching period, usually more complex less convenient to apply for design feedback control. Based on low-pass...

Featuring high bandwidth and efficiency, the switch-linear hybrid envelope tracking (SLH-ET) power supply has been gaining considerable attentions. This paper proposes a new configuration for SLH-ET supply, which consists of switching-mode converter with step-wave approach linear amplifier connected in parallel. The switches are operated only one time every period, leading to reduced switching loss and, thus, higher efficiency. number voltage levels difference between adjacent steps analyzed...

The development of dynamic building envelope technologies, which are capable adapting to changing outdoor and indoor environments, is considered a crucial step towards the achievement nearly Zero Energy Building target. main aim this work present method for defining ideal/optimal range adaptive thermo-optical performance glazed façades with different reaction time, in order assess potential future façades. This achieved by means performance-oriented method, making use single-objective...

Application of pulse width modulation (PWM) is known to produce sideband effects. The accuracy the models dc-dc converters can be improved if essential information effects PWM incorporated. In this paper, aliasing effect components on closed-loop control analyzed, and an effective representation transfer function pulse-width modulator derived. Applying converter, extended-frequency-range small-signal model obtained, which conveniently used for deriving loop gain a PWM-controlled converter....

In modern radio communications, the envelope of frequency (RF) signal features with large peak-to-average power ratio. This necessitates adoption linear amplifiers (PAs). order to achieve a high efficiency for PAs, envelope-tracking (ET) technique is employed, which provides PAs supply voltage that tracks transmitted RF instead constant voltage. paper focuses on series-form switch-linear hybrid ET supply, where switching-mode converter uses multilevel converter. The method select setting...

Envelope tracking (ET) techniques have been used to improve the efficiency of power amplifiers in wireless communication systems. The switch-linear hybrid (SLH) ET supply, which features both wide bandwidth and high efficiency, has received a great deal attention. In series- parallel-form SLH loss linear amplifier is relatively high. This paper proposes series-parallel form for includes two switched-mode converters one amplifier, reduce output voltage swing current thus reducing amplifier. A...

A synchronous rectification buck converter in parallel with a Class AB linear amplifier is presented this paper to construct an envelope-tracking (ET) power supply. To eliminate the influences of output voltage on current, full feedforward output-voltage scheme two terms proposed paper, which can counteract all load admittances amplifier, respectively, consequently decreasing current substantially. An ET supply prototype 100-kHz sine-wave tracking, 5-15 V voltage, and 75-W-peak fabricated...

Wireless communication transmitters have a low efficiency because of the utilization linear radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) while RF input signal is with variant envelope. The envelope tracking (ET) technique very promising approach to improve PA efficiency. For this application, paper proposes an ET supply consisting multilevel converter in series amplifier, where provides most load its essential high efficiency, and features bandwidth, improves linearity output voltage. A...

Envelope tracking (ET) is one of the important techniques for greatly improving efficiency power amplifier since it employs an ET supply to provide a dynamic voltage that tracks envelope radio frequency signal. In order achieve compact design consisting multilevel converter and linear amplifier, which are connected in series, this letter proposes step-wave switched capacitor realize converter, uses less magnetic components easier integration. A prototype fabricated tested, aiming 5-MHz...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a significant branch the ongoing advances in and mobile communications. use large number IoT devices makes spectrum scarcity problem even more serious. usable resources are almost entirely occupied, thus, increasing radio access demands cannot be met. To tackle this problem, Cognitive (CIoT) has been proposed. In CIoT network, secondary users, i.e., sensors actuators, can licensed bands provided by primary users (such as telephones). Security major concern...

The efficiency improvement of the on-off controlled Class E dc-dc converter operated at 20 MHz switching frequency is investigated in this paper. It found that with control, input power during on mode increases increase voltage, and it can be reduced by increasing frequency. With discovery, a variable (VSF) control proposed, which slightly when voltage increases, maintaining higher than rated output over entire range, thus highly improving high voltage. A prototype 9-V-18-V input, 10-W has...

With the continuous promotion of smart substations, staff fall detection has become a key issue in automatic substations. The injuries and safety hazards caused by falls among substation personnel are numerous. If timely response can be made event fall, reduced. In order to address issues low accuracy poor real-time performance detecting human complex scenarios, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on YOLOX. A customized feature extraction module is introduced YOLOX fusion network...

Façade design is a cross-disciplinary multi-objective optimization process. The major barrier to devising an optimal façade solution the evaluation of true values alternative options. A simple approach focus on limited number criteria that can be evaluated through mono-disciplinary commercial software, while overlooking other criteria. This paper describes prototype whole-life value tool for design, which accounts functional, financial, and environmental sustainability adopts integrated...

The Class E dc-dc converter, with a simple topology and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for the power switch, can operate at switching frequency of up to megahertz. In this paper, an optimized ZVS operation condition minimizing switch voltage stress, rms current, harmonic components is derived on-off controlled converter by optimizing time instant which resonates back zero. Based on result, step-by-step parameter design approach proposed large input inductor, avoids time-consuming simulations...