The properties associated with the space-charge region and surface states at a semiconductor are discussed. A theory of that takes into account charge-densities arising from immobile impurities both signs mobile carrier is presented. discussed in terms potential electrochemical potentials holes electrons, related to transport added carriers homogeneous semiconductor. change conductivity nonvanishing excesses electrons treated. systems free $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction compared, range validity...

The propagation of a Gaussian light pulse through medium having positive or negative absorption line is examined. Analytical approximations are obtained for the case where spectral width much smaller than that line. It shown remains substantially and unchanged in many exponential depths, locus instants maximum amplitude follows classical expression group velocity, even if this greater velocity light, negative. Numerical calculations have been used to examine what happens beyond limit...

Measurements have been made of the electrode potential p- and n-type germanium in contact with aqueous solutions KOH, KCl HCl as a function anodic cathodic current incident light intensity. For currents, measured can be separated into three parts: reversible corresponding to reaction, depending only on solution; an overvoltage usual form; term (kT/e) ln (p <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> /p), where p is equilibrium hole...

Stimulated emission into optical whispering modes of a spherical sample Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{++}$ has been observed. Light produced by the stimulated is radiated tangentially form each point on surface sphere. The experimental results have interpreted in terms electromagnetic analog Rayleigh theory gallery.

Measurements are reported of absorption, emission, and activation spectra in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{++}$, also fluorescence lifetime. A revised level scheme is proposed. Observations optical maser effects were made at liquid hydrogen helium temperatures over a wide range pumping intensities. For illumination the 6400-A band, threshold intensity was about 20 w ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. dependence beam on intensity. Photographic observations, both with or without...

An anharmonic vibronic oscillator model is set up and used to derive general expressions for nonlinear susceptibilities. The system handled both classically quantum-mechanically, the results are shown agree. It that, when one of interacting fields has a frequency close that an optical phonon, susceptibility dominated by same term in potential dominant Raman scattering. This result agrees with experiments analysis Faust Henry. These arguments extended cover electrooptic coefficients, which...

The parametric gain is computed for the case of a cubic crystal having single lattice resonance as frequency one generated waves, idler, swept through resonance. It found that approached, nonlinear susceptibility and infrared absorption at idler both become resonantly large in just such manner to leave unaltered. A simple expression derived by solving coupled-wave equations calculating transition rate light scattering. estimated numerically gallium phosphide.

Van Vleck's theoretical model for the antiferromagnetic state is extended to describe effect of applying magnetic fields so large that Zeeman splitting same order magnitude as exchange interaction. The intensity magnetization, entropy, and Gibbs free energy are calculated. It concluded that, when field applied parallel direction chains, configuration (that in which there two sublattices crystal possessing unequal magnetizations) energetically favored all values H T at it mathematically...

Experiments on surface breakdown at reverse-biased germanium n+p alloyed junctions are described, and the results related to a new model for that takes explicit account of semiconductor charge fringing field. The experiments show (i) breakdown, like body is an avalanche process; (ii) multiplication sets in first particular spot. serve also confirm conclusions already reached from device experience: high voltage promoted by sign which tends towards formation ``channel'' over material higher...

This paper describes studies of the stimulated emission spectra Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe with Ge:Au, Ge:Cu, Ge:Zn photodetectors. Term assignments are given (with alternatives specified in cases ambiguities) for sixty newly observed or identified wavelengths twenty-six sixteen four Xe. Only case nine Ne lines ($5s\ensuremath{-}4p$) may pumping atoms to upper maser level be attributed energy transfer from metastable a different gas ($\mathrm{He} 2s^{1}S_{0}$ atoms). For other excitation occur...

Combined measurements have been made of surface recombination velocity, photo-voltage, and the modulation conductance velocity by an external field, on etched germanium surfaces. Two samples, cut from n-type a p-type crystal known body properties, were used, samples being exposed to Brattain-Bardeen cycle gaseous ambients. The results are interpreted in terms properties space-charge region fast states. It is found that barrier height, measured with respect Fermi level, varies −0.13 +0.13...

Magnetic cooling experiments on a spherical single crystal of cobalt ammonium sulphate are described. Measurements were made as functions the absolute temperature between 1° K and 0·05° (i) specific heat, (ii) principal magnetic susceptibilities, (iii) variations in susceptibility applying (adiabatically) steady parallel field. The measurements range from down to Curie point discussed connexion with dipole-dipole, exchange nuclear interactions crystal. Below point, for 1 axis only, an...

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A theoretical treatment is given of two dispersion phenomena in the field-effect experiment: (1) arising from finite time required to generate minority carriers, and (2) relaxation fast surface states. It shown that in-phase part mobility (for an $n$-type semiconductor) by...

The theory of charge-transfer catalysis, originally proposed by Wagner and Hauffe, is set up in quantitative form. objects the treatment are to write down expressions for absolute reaction rate, show what consequences Wagner-Hauffe mechanism insofar as they concern adsorption properties individual reacting materials, outline an experimental program determining, means experiments on semiconductor, alone association with each substances turn, values prevailing a practical case various...

A theoretical treatment of the field effect, surface photo-voltage and recombination phenomena has been carried out, starting with Hall-Shockley-Read model generalizing to case a continuous trap distribution. The theory is applied experimental results given in previous paper. One concludes that distribution fast states such density lowest near centre gap, increasing sharply as accessible limits potential are approached. From measurements one obtains an estimate 150 for ratio (σ <inf...

The change in the pulse repetition frequency c/2L of a He–Ne laser, mode-locked by neon absorption cell, has been found to vary approximately as I−1/3, where I is average power output laser. As changing, width also changes I−1/3. corresponding round trip transit times 2L/c are compared an estimate empty cavity time obtained extrapolation data and direct measurement. Ne media introduce additional positive delay 4–6 psec 10 nsec; this comparable that estimated from group velocity considerations.

Views Icon Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Search Site Citation C. G. B. Garrett, F. R. Merritt; PMR SPECTRA OF Nd3+ IN COMPENSATED AND UNCOMPENSATED CaWO4. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 January 1964; 4 (2): 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1753949 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Dropdown...