The extraction and classification of crops is the core issue agricultural remote sensing. precise crop types great significance to monitoring evaluation planting area, growth, yield. Based on Google Earth Engine Colab cloud platform, this study takes typical oasis area Xiangride Town, Qinghai Province, as an example. It compares traditional machine learning (random forest, RF), object-oriented (object-oriented, OO), deep neural networks (DNN), which proposes a random forest combined with...

The geosynthetic–soil interface interaction mechanism under changes in ambient temperature may influence the serviceability of geosynthetic–reinforced soil (GRS) structures. However, very few studies analysed effect on behaviour. This study conducted 20 pullout tests to investigate effects and normal stress geogrid–sand interaction. test results demonstrated that significantly affects performance. At lower temperatures, peak forces at interfaces same are higher, whereas time reach force is...

Accurately predicting the arithmetic mean velocity of overland flows on vegetated slopes is essential for developing hydraulic erosion models. However, there exists a significant challenge in this various vegetation conditions. This study proposed new predictive model based principle resistance superposition, which accounted wide range environmental factors—e.g., coverage, slope angle, and flow discharge. The was validated against comprehensive database with 4168 datasets established from...

To date, few models are available in the literature to consider creep behavior of geosynthetics when predicting lateral deformation (δ) geosynthetics-reinforced soil (GRS) retaining walls. In this study, a general hyperbolic model was first introduced describe long-term geosynthetics, which is function elapsed time and two empirical parameters b. The conventional tests with three different tensile loads (Pr) were conducted on uniaxial geogrids determine their behavior, as well a-Pr b-Pr...

Current design methods for geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls in a tiered configuration mostly focus on wall stability by determining required tensile strength and layout of reinforcement. A finite difference numerical model was firstly verified with the available field measured results single GRS test two-tiered literature, then used to analyze lateral displacements multitiered modular concrete block facing. parametric study conducted evaluate effect backfill properties (friction...

Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls in a tiered configuration have been used for high earth retaining structures, especially mountainous areas. More attention has recently paid to lateral facing deformations and stability of such walls. A validated numerical model GRS wall was utilized calculate the maximum tensile forces reinforcement layers The same compute their factors safety (FS), using shear strength reduction (SSR) method. parametric study carried out assess effects backfill...

The tiered geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls have been increasingly applied in the high and steep retaining structures. However, very little is known about design method for GRS wall practice. This study aimed at proposing an upper-bound stability analysis of a wall. proposed was firstly validated by existing results from centrifuge test numerical method, then parametric performed to investigate effects cohesionless backfill friction angle φ1 geometric parameters including offset...

ABSTRACT Vegetation plays a crucial role in mitigating and controlling soil erosion caused by overland flow. However, variations the hydraulic characteristics of flow induced spatial distribution vegetation with different row column spacings are often overlooked existing literature, potentially leading to significant deviations predicting these characteristics. In this study, 180 lab‐scale runoff tests were conducted clarify considering six α (the ratio lateral distance stem diameter)...

To investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on performance geosynthetic reinforced earth retaining walls, two model tests 1.0 m-high geogrid-reinforced (GRR) walls without and with loading plate 10 kPa surcharge were carried out under five cycles. In each cycle, both freeze-temperature −15°C thaw-temperature 35°C maintained for 12 h alternatively. The test results showed that temperature field mechanical GRR significantly depended ambient number effect in gradually reduced distance from...

This study evaluates the performance of two-tiered geogrid-reinforced soil (GRS) walls subjected to traffic cyclic loading considering several influencing factors. These factors herein include offset distance (D) walls, number (N), amplitude (P max ), and frequency (f) applied loading. Seven GRS with a reduced scale 1 : 3 were prepared in laboratory employed investigate their (i) vertical foundation pressures during construction, (ii) load-induced settlements, (iii) facing lateral...

Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) retaining walls have been widely adopted in engineering practice based on the development of several design methods. However, temperature effect, which was proved to be an important influencing factor wall performance, not considered existing This study investigates distributions a subjected freeze–thaw (FT) cycles using (1) lab-scale physical model test within custom-made temperature-controlled tank; and (2) commercial finite-element computer program for...

Field measurements show that the seasonal change of ambient temperature has a significant effect on performance geogrid-reinforced retaining (GRR) walls. To investigate field inside GRR walls and mechanical behaviors walls, two physical model tests were conducted using custom-made test box. The box was encased within temperature-controlled tank to simulate thus under change. Two types backfill material, sand clay, used in consider type effect. Settlement at top surface, lateral deformation...

In this study, the stress and deformation rules of double-row fiber-reinforced plastic sand pipes under two loading methods single-pipe double-pipe were discussed. First, indoor full-scale test was used to analyze single-tube pipe top loading. The 90° measurement point loaded 270° adjacent most unfavorable positions for pipeline. Through investigating influence cover soil height, load level, compaction on mechanical index load-bearing measuring pipeline, height overburden is found be...