In recent years, the excessive energy consumption in wireless communication systems has been increasingly critical, and environmental financial considerations have motivated a trend technologies to resort renewable sources. Energy harvesting is considered as promising solution alleviate such issues received extensive attentions. this paper, we consider cognitive radio system with one primary user (PU) secondary (SU) both of their transmitters operate time-slotted mode. The SU, which harvests...

In this paper, we consider an energy harvesting cognitive radio (CR) system operating in slotted mode, where the secondary user (SU) has no wired power supplies and is powered exclusively by harvested from ambient environment. The SU can only perform either harvesting, spectrum sensing or data transmission at a time due to hardware limitation such that timeslot segmented into three non-overlapping fractions. Considering generalized multi-slot paradigm two types of fusion rules: decision...

Deep learning has achieved good performance in short-term traffic forecasting recently. However, the stochasticity and distribution imbalance are main characteristics to flow, these will bring uncertainty induce network overfitting problem during deep learning. To deal with problems, a new end-to-end hybrid model, named M-B-LSTM, is proposed for flow this paper. In M-B-LSTM an online self-learning constructed as data mapping layer learn equalize statistic reducing effect of Besides,...

Autonomous vehicles have to share the road with human-driven ones for a prolonged period in near future. Thus, they should ability understand lane changing intentions of surrounding vehicles. Unlike human drivers, state-of-the-art models used autonomous recognize driver's intention based on target vehicle's lateral movement, which leaves little no time vehicle react. In this paper, Human-like Lane Changing Intention Understanding Model (HLCIUM) driving is proposed By imitating selective...

In this letter, we focus on a multiuser OFDM system with capability of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), where are transferred separately different subcarriers. The optimal design for resource allocation (i.e., subcarrier assignment) is investigated to maximize the sum rate minimum constraint. problem formulated as mixed integer programming both suboptimal solutions well computational complexity investigated. By comparing proposed subcarrier-separation (SS) scheme...

Soil classification and analysis are essential for understanding soil properties serve as a foundation various engineering projects. Traditional methods of rely heavily on costly time-consuming laboratory in-situ tests. In this study, Support Vector Machine (SVM) models were trained using 649 Cone Penetration Test (CPT) datasets, specifically utilizing cone tip resistance ( $$q_c$$ ) sleeve friction $$f_s$$ input variables. Pearson correlation sensitivity confirmed that these variables...

Abstract Spoof localized surface plasmons (spoof LSPs, SLSPs) have recently emerged as high‐quality‐factor (Q‐factor) multipole electromagnetic resonant structures, showcasing considerable promise in the field of sensing. However, sensing terahertz band presents notable challenges. Here, a dual‐port coupled SLSPs resonator and single‐port are proposed with phase separated excitation, both exhibiting high‐Q‐factors band. The can sustain odd resonance mode even mode, whereas generate vortex...

Gaussian Splatting (GS) methods, including 3DGS and 2DGS, have demonstrated significant effectiveness in real-time novel view synthesis (NVS), establishing themselves as a key technology the field of computer graphics. However, GS-based methods still face challenges rendering high-quality image details. Even when utilizing advanced frameworks, their outputs may display artifacts relying solely on few input views, such noise blurriness. A reasonable approach is to conduct post-processing...

Silicon-based all-dielectric metamaterials (SAMs), with advantages like low loss and simple structure, are attracting more attention. However, SAMs usually suffer from narrow bandwidth tunability, thereby their applications seriously impeded. In this work, we propose experimentally demonstrate a tunable in terahertz (THz) ranges by covering the layer of active medium, strontium titanate (STO). It shows that THz responses can be thermally tuned due to temperature-dependent permittivity STO....

In this letter, we consider a cooperative sharing model for cognitive wireless powered communication networks (CWPCNs), which leverages the notion of cooperation between primary and secondary systems in radio to accomplish transmission early vacate opportunity transmission. With proposed spectrum model, investigate optimal design such CWPCN with both amplify-and-forward (AF) decode-and-forward (DF) protocols maximize its uplink energy efficiency. The efficiency optimization problem is...

Self-play methods have achieved remarkable success in two-player zero-sum games, attaining superhuman performance many complex game domains. Parallelizing learners is a feasible approach to handle games. However, parallelizing often leads the suboptimal exploitation of computational resources, resulting inefficiencies. This paper introduces Mixed Hierarchical Oracle (MHO), which designed enhance training efficiency and MHO efficiently leverages interaction data among parallelized solvers...

A lot of privacy protection technologies have been proposed, but most them are independent and aim at protecting some specific privacy. Besides, there is hardly enough deep study into the attributes Hence, this paper focuses on information proposes a method to classify security level information. Privacies classified three levels each has its goal respectively. The Baidu search engine taken as research platform collecting related data. Based big data from engine, we can 52 items.

With the development of Internet, malicious acts illegal access to Internet services are also growing, detection and prevention these become particularly important. In order detect access, existing research not only uses rulebased statistical-based techniques, but machinelearning techniques. field security, studies have been effective in detecting abnormal traffic. However, few focus on behavior patterns based users. Malicious from users tends a certain pattern. this paper, we propose an...

A taxi stand can effectively regulate the behavior of picking up passengers, reduce empty-run rate, and provide a convenient orderly waiting environment for public. However, unreasonable setting existing stands in most cities leads to an extremely low utilization rate waste public space resources. This paper presents novel three-stage strategy address location problem (TSLP) incrementally. First, demands hotspots are mined from massive Global Positioning System (GPS) data with GIS platform,...

Urban network traffic congestion can be caused by disturbances, such as fluctuation and disequilibrium of demand. This paper designs a distributed control method for preventing disturbance-based urban integrating Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) regional Mixed Strategy Nash-Equilibrium (MSNE). To enhance the disturbance-rejection performance Network Traffic Control (UNTC), MSNE concept is integrated, which models competitive relationship between each agent its neighboring agents in...

A narrow coupling ladder-type extended interaction klystron (EIK) operating at 0.34 THz is proposed and analyzed. Compared with the traditional EIKs, EIK can offer higher power capability increased efficiency because such arrangement has characteristic impedance a more uniform electric field in beam tunnel. This article studies distribution of circuits circuits. Moreover, coefficient variation introduced to quantify uniformity axial The stability also ensured by adjusting period length...

The design approaches of the overlapping-mode extended interaction klystrons (EIKs) are presented to satisfy requirement for broadband terahertz power amplifiers. Since all cavities designed and tuned operate in multiple-cavity modes, EIKs can provide high output over a wider frequency band. circuit characteristics studied, including dispersion curve, coupling coefficient, interval between cavity modes. Moreover, six-cavity EIK operating at 0.34 THz is demonstrate capability EIKs....

Because of the convenience and quickness, electric bikes gradually become main travel mode urban resident in China, bike–car mixed flow becomes new characteristics traffic flow. But their role effects on cars have important problems for transportation designers. Mixed simulation model provides designers an effective tool to acquire relation between density a design scheme, achieve solutions optimal features before implementation, help make more rational. Based social force model, this...

In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio wireless sensor network (CR-WSN), where each node is equipped with radio. A typical concern in CR-WSN energy consumption due to resource-constrained nature of nodes. Moreover, additional consumed support CR-exclusive functionality such as spectrum sensing and switching, which could shorten lifetime. However, some nodes receive similar signal channel condition that they probably have same results. Consequently, propose clustering based scheme for...

We propose a technique for the generation of optical frequency comb from single source, which reduces costs access networks. Two Mach-Zehnder modulators are cascaded with one phase modulator driven by radiofrequency signals. With 10-GHz spacing, generated 40 multicarriers have good tone-to-noise ratio least excursions in their lines. The laser array at line terminal conventional wavelength division multiplexed passive network (WDM-PON) system has been replaced generator (OFCG), may result...