Abstract Aims The Working Group (WG), initiated by the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardisation Steering Committee and supported of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine Urogenital Reconstruction, has revised ICS Standard for pressure‐flow studies 1997. Methods Based on standard developing evidence‐based standards, WG developed this new in period from May 2020 to December 2022. A draft was posted website 2022 facilitate public discussion comments received have been incorporated...

Abstract Several studies indicate that pelvic ischemia and oxidative stress may play a significant role in lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), including detrusor overactivity (DO)/overactive bladder (OAB) underactivity (DU)/underactive (UAB). The present article addresses proposal 1: “Are causes of damage leading to LUTD?” from the 2019 International Consultation on Incontinence—Research Society (ICI‐RS) meeting. Bladder animals humans is briefly described, along with proposed...

ABSTRACT Introduction and Objective Observable autonomous rhythmic changes in intravesical pressure, termed bladder wall micromotion , is a phenomenon that has been linked to urinary urgency, the key symptom overactive (OAB). However, mechanism through which drives urgency poorly understood. In addition, inherently difficult study human urodynamics due challenges distinguishing it from normal cyclic physiologic processes such as pulse rate, breathing, rectal contractions, ureteral jetting....

This paper presents a two-channel architecture and design approach that enables simultaneous increase in the transparency stability robustness of bilateral teleoperation system, additionally provides high degree to uncertainty operator environment dynamics. The former is provided by use loop-shaping filter incorporated on master-to-slave motion command, latter local feedback loops around both master slave manipulators. proposed are illustrated single-degree-of-freedom example with without...

This paper describes the design of a unique revolute flexure joint, called split-tube flexure, that enables (lumped compliance) compliant mechanism with considerably larger range-of-motion than conventional thin beam and additionally provides significantly better multi-axis joint characteristics. Conventional joints utilize bending as primary deformation. In contrast, incorporates torsion mode deformation, contrasts torsional properties thin-walled open-section member to obtain desirable...

The Working Group (WG), initiated by the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardisation Steering Committee and supported of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine Urogenital Reconstruction, has revised ICS Standard for pressure-flow studies 1997. Based on standard developing evidence-based standards, WG developed this new in period from May 2020 to December 2022. A draft was posted website 2022 facilitate public discussion comments received have been incorporated into final release....

Introduction Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive technique for measuring cortical brain neuroexcitation. Objective The objective of this study was to determine if fNIRS could detect differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) neuroexcitation due acute ON/OFF changes sacral neuromodulation (SNM) during natural bladder filling. Study Design Female participants who had an SNM device implanted ≥6 months underwent 2-fill hydration protocol cross-sectional study. Continuous...

Passive mechanical properties of strips rabbit detrusor smooth muscle were examined and found by cyclic loading in a calcium-free solution to display viscoelastic softening strain-induced stress (strain softening). Strain softening, or the Mullins effect, is loss stiffness attributed breakage cross-links, appeared irreversible even after return spontaneous rhythmic tone during 120 min incubation calcium-containing solution. However, 3 KCl carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction permitted rapid...

This paper investigates the feasibility of using commercially available, low-cost IR reflective sensors for micro- to sub- microscale position measurement and control. These are typically used as optical switches; however, their application detecting fine motion, such movement a piezoactuator, has not been investigated. Five were evaluated determine range, resolution, linear distortion, noise characteristics, bandwidth. Experimental results show that performance compares well with commercial...

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a non-invasive, objective, and unprompted method characterize real-time bladder sensation.Volunteers with without overactive (OAB) were prospectively enrolled in preliminary accelerated hydration study. Participants drank 2L Gatorade-G2® recorded sensation (0-100% scale) standardized verbal sensory thresholds using novel, touch-screen "sensation meter." 3D ultrasound images throughout fillings for subset participants. Sensation data two...

Abstract Aims The working group (WG) initiated by the International Continence Society Standardization Steering Committee and supported of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine Urogenital Reconstruction has revised (1997) ICS Standard for pressure flow studies. Methods Based on standard developing evidence‐based standards, WG developed this new in period from May 2020 to December 2022. A draft was posted website January 2023 facilitate public discussion comments received have been incorporated...

Until the 1990s, passive and active length-tension ( L-T) relationships of smooth muscle were believed to be static, with a single force value maximum for each length. However, recent studies have demonstrated that L-T relationship in airway is dynamic adapts length changes over period time. Furthermore, our prior work showed rabbit detrusor (DSM) also addition viscoelastic behavior, DSM displays strain-softening behavior characterized by loss stiffness at shorter lengths following stretch...

Studies have shown that the length-tension (L-T) relationships in airway and vascular smooth muscles are dynamic can adapt to length changes over a period of time. Our prior studies passive L-T relationship rabbit detrusor muscle (DSM) is also DSM exhibits adjustable stiffness (APS) characterized by curve shift along axis as function strain history activation history. The present study demonstrates active for peak tension produced at particular both More specifically, this reveals...

Contraction of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) at short lengths generates a stiffness component we termed adjustable passive (APS) that is retained in tissues incubated Ca(2+)-free solution, shifts the DSM length-passive tension curve up and to left, softened by strain release (strain softened). In present study, tested hypothesis APS due slowly cycling actomyosin cross bridges. active produced stimulus, KCl, displayed similar length dependencies with identical optimum values. The myosin II...