This study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which a high-fat diet (HFD) dysregulates lipolysis and lipid metabolism in mouse epididymal (visceral, VC) inguinal (subcutaneous, SC) adipocytes. Eight-weeks of HFD feeding increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) content comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) expression, whereas hormone-sensitive (HSL) phosphorylation perilipin were severely reduced. Adipocytes from mice elicited basal but blunted epinephrine-stimulated...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of prolonged activation AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on lipid partitioning and potential molecular mechanisms involved in these processes white adipose tissue (WAT). Rat epididymal adipocytes were incubated with 5'-aminoimidasole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR;0.5 mM) for 15 h. Also, isolated h after AICAR injected (i.p. 0.7 g/kg body weight) rats. Adipocytes utilized various metabolic assays determination gene...

This study investigated the regulation of thermogenic capacity in classical brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous inguinal (SC Ing) white (WAT) how it affects whole-body energy expenditure sedentary endurance-trained rats fed ad libitum either low fat or high (HF) diets. Analysis mass, PGC-1α UCP-1 content, presence multilocular adipocytes, palmitate oxidation revealed that a HF diet increased interscapular aortic tissues, whereas exercise markedly suppressed it. Conversely, induced...

Background The effects of diet-induced obesity on skeletal muscle function are largely unknown, particularly as it relates to changes in oxidative metabolism and morphology. Principal Findings Compared control fed mice, mice a high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal: fat) for 8 weeks displayed increased body mass insulin resistance without overt fasting hyperglycemia (i.e. pre-diabetic). Histological analysis revealed greater potential the HFD gastrocnemius/plantaris (increased IIA, reduced IIB...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle. L6 rat muscle cells were exposed various concentrations palmitate (1-800 microM). Subsequently, ACC AMPK acid oxidation measured. 2-fold increase both observed presence as low 10 microM, which also accompanied by a significant oxidation. effect dose-dependent, reaching maximum...

Nesfatin-1 is a recently discovered anorexigen, and we first reported nesfatin-like immunoreactivity in the pancreatic β-cells. The aim of this study was to characterize effects nesfatin-1 on whole-body energy homeostasis, insulin secretion, glycemia. vivo continuous peripheral delivery using osmotic minipumps food intake substrate partitioning were examined ad libitum-fed male Fischer 344 rats. glucose-stimulated secretion (GSIS) isolated islets. L6 skeletal muscle cells rat adipocytes used...

Abstract Obesity‐associated insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The accumulation diacylglycerol (DAG), ceramides and inflammation are key factors that cause NAFLD. In recent years, ketogenic diet (KD) has emerged as an effective non‐pharmacological intervention for treatment NAFLD other obesity‐related metabolic disorders. What remains undetermined is how KD affects DAG ceramide content sensitivity liver. Thus, this research...

Recent observations have suggested that creatine supplementation might a beneficial effect on glucoregulation in skeletal muscle. However, conclusive studies the direct effects of glucose uptake and metabolism are lacking. The objective this study was to investigate basal insulin-stimulated transporter (GLUT4) translocation, uptake, glycogen content, synthesis, lactate production, oxidation AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation L6 rat muscle cells. Four treatment groups were...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose fatty acid metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes. AICAR-induced AMPK profoundly inhibited uptake, lipogenesis, oxidation, lactate production fat cells. We also describe novel findings that phosphorylation significantly reduced palmitate (32%) oleate uptake (41%), which followed...

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure. Importantly, it now appreciated that change in number myocytes one multiple structural and functional alterations (remodeling) leading to Here we investigate effect leptin, product obese (ob) gene, on proliferation human murine cardiomyocytes. Leptin caused time- dose-dependent significant increase HL-1 cells was inhibited by preincubation with PD98059 LY294002, suggesting leptin mediated via extracellular signal-regulated...

This study investigated the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in regulation lipolysis visceral (VC) and subcutaneous (SC) rat adipocytes molecular mechanisms involved this process. VC (epididymal retroperitoneal) SC (inguinal) were isolated from male Wistar rats (160-180 g). Adipocytes incubated either absence or presence AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 0-500 micromol/l). acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation,...

This study investigated the effects of obesity induced by high-fat (HF) diet on thyroid function and whole-body energy balance. To accomplish that, we assessed 8 wk HF several parameters hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis function. Serum total T(4) T(3), rT(3), TSH, activity type 1 2 deiodinases in central peripheral tissues were determined. Also, measured vivo balance, substrate partitioning, markers leptin resistance. Here provide novel evidence that prolonged positive balance acquired...

This study investigated the effect of chronic AMP-kinase (AMPK) activation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) on white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and implications for visceral (VC) subcutaneous (SC) adiposity, whole body-energy homeostasis, hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. Male Wistar rats received daily single intraperitoneal injections either saline or AICAR (0.7g/kg body weight) 4 8 weeks were pair-fed throughout study. AICAR-treated had reduced...

Impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of metabolically dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms restricting within this context remain ill-defined. Here, we demonstrate that induced endothelial-specific depletion transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) male mice led to increased vascular density tissue. Upon high-fat diet feeding, endothelial cell FoxO1-deficient exhibited even greater remodeling visceral depot, which was paralleled with healthier...

Abstract Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is projected to be the most common chronic worldwide and closely linked obesity, insulin resistance type 2 diabetes. Currently, no pharmacological treatments are available treat NAFLD, lifestyle modification, including dietary interventions, only remedy. Therefore, we conducted a study determine whether supplementation with medium‐chain triglycerides (MCTs), containing mixture of C8 C10 (60/40), attenuates NAFLD in obese insulin‐resistant...

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the chronic effects palmitate on fatty acid (FA) oxidation, AMPK/ACC phosphorylation/activation, intracellular lipid accumulation, and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes skeletal muscle cells. Exposure L6 myotubes for 8 h 200, 400, 600, 800 µM did not affect cell viability but significantly reduced FA oxidation by ∼26.5%, ∼43.5%, ∼50%, ∼47%, respectively. Interestingly, occurred despite significant increases AMPK (∼2.5‐fold) ACC...

Abstract Background High-fat (HF) diet has been extensively used as a model to study metabolic disorders of human obesity in rodents. However, the adaptive whole-body responses that drive development with chronically feeding HF are not fully understood. Therefore, this investigated physiological mechanisms by which energy balance and substrate partitioning adjusted course diet-induced obesity. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum either standard or for 8 weeks. Food intake (FI) body...

Nesfatin-1, the N-terminal fragment of nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), is an 82 amino-acid peptide that inhibits food intake and exerts weight-reducing effects. Nesfatin-1 has been proposed as a potential anti-obesity peptide. However, studies to date have mainly focused on acute satiety effects centrally administered nesfatin-1. The main objective our was characterize long-term/chronic peripheral administration nesfatin-1 whole-body energy balance metabolic partitioning in male Fischer 344 rats....

Abstract This study investigated whether oxidative and glycolytic rat skeletal muscles respond differently to a high-fat (HF) sucrose-enriched diet with respect diacylglycerol (DAG) ceramides accumulation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, glucose metabolism, the expression of inflammatory genes. HF (8 weeks) suppressed insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis oxidation in soleus (Sol), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) epitrochlearis (Epit) muscles. However, DAG levels increased Sol EDL, but...