A5074053103- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Climate variability and models
- Fire dynamics and safety research
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Landslides and related hazards
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
2010-2019
Max Planck Society
2005-2016
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
2016
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
2016
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2016
University of Georgia
2016
United States Geological Survey
2016
Cornell University
2009-2011
Joint Research Centre
2006-2009
California Institute of Technology
2006
Abstract. Simulation results of global aerosol models have been assembled in the framework AeroCom intercomparison exercise. In this paper, we analyze life cycles dust, sea salt, sulfate, black carbon and particulate organic matter as simulated by sixteen models. The differences among (model diversities) for sources sinks, burdens, particle sizes, water uptakes, spatial dispersals established. These diversities large consequences calculated radiative forcing concentrations at surface....
A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and improving physical processes representation, as well computational performance, versatility, overall user friendliness. In addition to radiation aerosol parameterizations atmosphere, several relatively large, but partly compensating, coding model's cloud, convection, turbulence were corrected. representation land was refined...
Abstract. The aerosol-climate modelling system ECHAM5-HAM is introduced. It based on a flexible microphysical approach and, as the number of externally imposed parameters minimised, allows application in wide range climate regimes. predicts evolution an ensemble microphysically interacting internally- and externally-mixed aerosol populations well their size-distribution composition. represented by superposition log-normal modes. In current setup, major global compounds sulfate (SU), black...
Fire is an essential Earth system process that alters ecosystem and atmospheric composition. Here we assessed long-term fire trends using multiple satellite data sets. We found global burned area declined by 24.3 ± 8.8% over the past 18 years. The estimated decrease in remained robust after adjusting for precipitation variability was largest savannas. Agricultural expansion intensification were primary drivers of declining activity. Fewer smaller fires reduced aerosol concentrations,...
Abstract. The AeroCom exercise diagnoses multi-component aerosol modules in global modeling. In an initial assessment simulated distributions for mass and mid-visible optical thickness (aot) were compared among 20 different modules. Model diversity was also explored the context of previous comparisons. For component combined aot general agreement has improved annual mean. At 0.11 to 0.14, values are at lower end averages suggested by remote sensing from ground (AERONET ca. 0.135) space...
Abstract. Fires have influenced atmospheric composition and climate since the rise of vascular plants, satellite data shown overall global extent fires. Our knowledge historic fire emissions has progressively improved over past decades due mostly to development new proxies improvement models. Currently, there is a suite including sedimentary charcoal records, measurements fire-emitted trace gases black carbon stored in ice firn, visibility observations. These provide opportunities...
Abstract. Desert dust perturbs climate by directly and indirectly interacting with incoming solar outgoing long wave radiation, thereby changing precipitation temperature, in addition to modifying ocean land biogeochemistry. While we know that desert is sensitive perturbations human use, previous studies have been unable determine whether humans were increasing or decreasing the global average. Here present observational estimates of based on paleodata proxies showing a doubling during 20th...
Abstract. Biomass burning impacts vegetation dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and climate, with sometimes deleterious socio-economic impacts. Under future climate projections it is often expected that the risk of wildfires will increase. Our ability to predict magnitude geographic pattern fire rests on our model regimes, using either well-founded empirical relationships or process-based models good predictive skill. While a large variety exist today, still unclear...
Fires are a global phenomenon that impact climate and biogeochemical cycles, interact with the biosphere, atmosphere cryosphere. These impacts occur on range of temporal spatial scales difficult to quantify globally based solely observations. Here we assess role fires in system using model estimates radiative forcing (RF) from pre-industrial, present day, future time periods. Fire emissions trace gases aerosols derived Community Land Model simulations then used series Atmosphere...
Aerosols are suspensions of solid and/or liquid particles in the atmosphere and modify atmospheric radiative fluxes chemistry. move mass from one part earth system to other parts system, thereby modifying biogeochemistry snow surface albedo. This paper reviews our understanding impacts aerosols on climate through direct changes, aerosol-cloud interactions (indirect effects), chemistry, albedo, land ocean biogeochemistry. play an important role preindustrial (natural) have been perturbed...
The Max‐Planck‐Institute Aerosol Climatology version 1 (MAC‐v1) is introduced. It describes the optical properties of tropospheric aerosols on monthly timescales and with global coverage at a spatial resolution 1° in latitude longitude. By providing aerosol radiative for any wavelength solar (or shortwave) terrestrial longwave) radiation spectrum, as needed transfer applications, this MAC‐v1 data set lends itself to simplified computationally efficient representations climate studies....
Abstract. The important role of fire in regulating vegetation community composition and contributions to emissions greenhouse gases aerosols make it a critical component dynamic global models Earth system models. Over 2 decades development, wide variety model structures mechanisms have been designed incorporated into models, which linked different However, there has not yet systematic examination how these strategies contribute performance. Here we describe the structure first phase Fire...
Abstract. Landscape fires show large variability in the amount of biomass or fuel consumed per unit area burned. Fuel consumption (FC) depends on available to burn and fraction that is actually combusted, can be combined with estimates burned assess emissions. While detected from space are becoming more reliable due improved algorithms sensors, FC usually modeled taken selectively literature. We compiled peer-reviewed literature for various biomes categories understand its better, provide a...
Abstract. Fire is an integral Earth System process that interacts with climate in multiple ways. Here we assessed the parametrization of fires Community Land Model (CLM-CN) and improved ability model to reproduce contemporary global patterns burned areas fire emissions. In addition wildfires extended CLM-CN account for related deforestation. We compared carbon emissions predicted by satellite-based estimates terms magnitude spatial extent as well interannual seasonal variability. Long-term...
Abstract. Landscape fires during the 21st century are expected to change in response multiple agents of global change. Important controlling factors include climate controls on length and intensity fire season, fuel availability, management, which already anthropogenically perturbed today predicted further future. An improved understanding future will contribute an ability project anthropogenic change, as changes activity turn impact climate. In present study we used a coupled-carbon-fire...
Abstract Quantification of the role fire within Earth system requires an adequate representation as a climate‐controlled process model. To be able to address questions on interaction between and system, we implemented mechanistic model SPITFIRE, in JSBACH, land surface MPI Here, document implementation well modifications. We evaluate our results by comparing simulation GFED version 3 satellite‐based data set. In addition, assess sensitivity meteorological forcing spatial variability number...
In this study, components of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model were used to explore how changes in lightning induced by climate change alter wildfire activity. To investigate alters global flash frequency, simulations with atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM6 performed for time periods preindustrial, present‐day, and three future scenarios. The effect activity on fire occurrence was derived from land surface vegetation JSBACH. Global cloud‐to‐ground decreased 3.3% under...
Abstract. Global vegetation models traditionally treat anthropogenic land-use and land-cover changes (LULCCs) only as the in cover seen from one year to next (net transitions). This approach ignores subgrid-scale processes such shifting cultivation which do not affect net distribution but have an impact on carbon budget. The differences stocks feed back like wildfires desert formation. simulations for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) all describe LULCCs using "Land-Use...
We use the global atmospheric GCM aerosol model ECHAM5-HAM to asses possible impacts of future air pollution mitigation strategies on climate. Air quality control focus reduction emissions. Here we investigate extreme case a maximum feasible end-of-pipe abatement aerosols in near term (2030) combination with increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. The temperature response GHG concentrations and reduced emissions leads annual mean equilibrium 2.18 K. When are maximally abated only...
A global coupled ocean‐atmosphere modeling system is applied in a transient climate simulation to study the response warming of Dimethylsulfide (DMS) ocean, DMS flux atmosphere, and resulting concentrations atmosphere. The production consumption processes ocean are linked plankton dynamics simulated marine biogeochemistry model HAMOCC5.1, embedded an general circulation (MPI‐OM). atmospheric ECHAM5 extended by microphysical aerosol HAM, treating sulfur chemistry atmosphere evolution...
Abstract. Pressure on land resources is expected to increase as global population continues climb and the world becomes more affluent, swelling demand for food. Changing climate may exert additional pressures natural lands present-day productive regions shift, or soil quality degrade, recent rise in biofuels increases competition with edible crops arable land. Given these projected trends there a need understand impacts of use cover change (LULCC). Here we quantify LULCC terms modifications...