A5037986993- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Agricultural Economics and Policy
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Water resources management and optimization
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Soybean genetics and cultivation
- Irrigation Practices and Water Management
- Aeolian processes and effects
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory
2023-2025
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2023-2025
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
2021-2024
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2016-2023
Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
2022-2023
National Institute of Meteorology
2021
Princeton University
2012-2019
Abstract. Biomass burning impacts vegetation dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and climate, with sometimes deleterious socio-economic impacts. Under future climate projections it is often expected that the risk of wildfires will increase. Our ability to predict magnitude geographic pattern fire rests on our model regimes, using either well-founded empirical relationships or process-based models good predictive skill. While a large variety exist today, still unclear...
Abstract. The important role of fire in regulating vegetation community composition and contributions to emissions greenhouse gases aerosols make it a critical component dynamic global models Earth system models. Over 2 decades development, wide variety model structures mechanisms have been designed incorporated into models, which linked different However, there has not yet systematic examination how these strategies contribute performance. Here we describe the structure first phase Fire...
Abstract Climate change affects global agricultural production and threatens food security. Faster phenological development of crops due to climate warming is one the main drivers for potential future yield reductions. To counter effect faster maturity, adapted varieties would require more heat units regain previous growing period length. In this study, we investigate effects variety adaptation on caloric under four different scenarios maize, rice, soybean, wheat. Thereby, empirically...
Abstract. Global water models (GWMs) simulate the terrestrial cycle on global scale and are used to assess impacts of climate change freshwater systems. GWMs developed within different modelling frameworks consider underlying hydrological processes, leading varied model structures. Furthermore, equations describe various processes take forms generally accessible only from individual codes. These factors have hindered a holistic detailed understanding how operate, yet such an is crucial for...
Abstract. This paper describes the rationale and protocol of first component third simulation round Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a, http://www.isimip.org, last access: 2 November 2023) associated set climate-related direct human forcing data (CRF DHF, respectively). The observation-based forcings for time include high-resolution observational climate derived by orographic downscaling, monthly to hourly coastal water levels, wind fields with historical tropical...
Abstract. Global fire-vegetation models are widely used to assess impacts of environmental change on fire regimes and the carbon cycle infer relationships between climate, land use fire. However, differences in model structure parameterizations, both vegetation components these models, could influence overall performance, date there has been limited evaluation how well different represent various aspects regimes. The Fire Model Intercomparison Project (FireMIP) is coordinating...
Abstract. Fire emissions are a critical component of carbon and nutrient cycles strongly affect climate air quality. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with interactive fire modeling provide important estimates for long-term large-scale changes in emissions. Here we present the first multi-model gridded historical 1700–2012, including 33 species trace gases aerosols. The dataset is based on simulations nine DGVMs different state-of-the-art that participated Modeling Intercomparison...
Significance The future of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink has tremendous consequences for society and rate climate change, but is highly uncertain. sensitivity interannual variability in C to drivers can help elucidate mechanisms driving sink. Here, we test statistical strength major find that nighttime tropical temperatures are most strongly associated with global from 1959–2010, likely acting through their effect on respiration. temperature-mediated respiration highlights stores may be...
A limited nuclear war between India and Pakistan could ignite fires large enough to emit more than 5 Tg of soot into the stratosphere. Climate model simulations have shown severe resulting climate perturbations with declines in global mean temperature by 1.8 °C precipitation 8%, for at least y. Here we evaluate impacts food system. Six harmonized state-of-the-art crop models show that caloric production from maize, wheat, rice, soybean falls 13 (±1)%, 11 (±8)%, 3 (±5)%, 17 (±2)% over Total...
Fire regimes in savannas and forests are changing over much of the world. Anticipating impact these changes requires understanding how plants adapted to fire. In this study, we test whether fire imposes a broad selective force on key fire-tolerance trait, bark thickness, across 572 tree species distributed worldwide. We show that investment thick is pervasive adaptation frequently burned areas both temperate tropical regions where surface fires occur. Geographic variability thickness largely...
Abstract. The unprecedented use of Earth's resources by humans, in combination with increasing natural variability processes over the past century, is affecting evolution Earth system. To better understand and their potential future trajectories requires improved integration quantification human processes. Similarly, to mitigate risk facilitate socio-economic development a understanding how system (e.g. climate change, extreme weather events, soil fertility) affects Our these interactions...
Abstract Globally, fires are a major source of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to atmosphere, occurring on seasonal cycle and with substantial interannual variability. To understand past trends variability in sources sinks carbon, we need quantitative estimates global fire distributions. Here introduce an updated version Fire Including Natural Agricultural Lands model, 2 (FINAL.2), modified include multiday burning enhanced spread rate forest crowns. We demonstrate that improved model...
Abstract Land use contributes to environmental change, but is also influenced by such changes. Climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) levels’ changes alter agricultural crop productivity, plant water requirements irrigation availability. The global food system needs respond adapt these changes, for example, altering practices, including the types or intensity of management, shifting cultivated areas within between countries. As impacts associated adaptation responses are spatially...
Abstract. The timing and length of burning seasons in different parts the world depend on climate, land-cover characteristics, human activities. In this study, global burned area estimates are used conjunction with gridded distributions agricultural types (defined as sum cropland pasture area) to separate seasonality practices from that non-agricultural fire. results presented study show land experience broadly fire patterns not always linked climate conditions. We highlight these...
Although it has long been recognised that human activities affect fire regimes, the interactions between humans and are complex, imperfectly understood, constantly evolving, lacking any kind of integrative global framework. Many different approaches used to study human-fire interactions, but in general they have arisen disciplinary contexts address highly specific questions. Models range from conceptual local models numerical models. However, given each type model is selective about which...
Abstract. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) from grain legumes is of significant importance in global agricultural ecosystems. Crops with BNF capability are expected to support the need increase food production while reducing (N) fertilizer input for sustainability, but quantification N fixing rates and crop yields remains inadequate on a scale. Here we incorporate two legume crops (soybean faba bean) into dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator)....
Abstract. This study describes and evaluates the Fire Including Natural & Agricultural Lands model (FINAL) which, for first time, explicitly simulates cropland pasture management fires separately from non-agricultural fires. The fire module uses empirical relationships to simulate burned area in a quasi-mechanistic framework, similar past modeling efforts, but with novel optimization method that improves fidelity of simulated patterns new observational estimates burning. agricultural...
Abstract Climate change is expected to increase fire risk in many forested regions, posing a potential threat forest functioning (i.e. carbon pools and fluxes). At the same time, expansion of wildland-urban interface threatens bring more people, property, infrastructure into contact with wildfire events. It critical that be managed way minimizes human health well-being maintains climate mitigation without affecting important ecological role plays ecosystems. Dynamic global vegetation models...
Abstract. The assessment of forest-based climate change mitigation strategies relies on computationally intensive scenario analyses, particularly when dynamic vegetation models are coupled with socio-economic in multi-model frameworks. In this study, we developed surrogate for the LPJ-GUESS global model to accelerate prediction carbon stocks and fluxes, enabling quicker optimization within a coupling framework. We trained two machine learning methods: random forest neural network. assessed...