Visible-light-induced site-selective C(sp3)–H pyridylation of amides has been accomplished using N-amidopyridinium salts. The N-centered radicals generated by the single-electron reduction substrates undergo 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer to form alkyl radical intermediates. Excellent C4-selectivity in trapping with pyridinium salts is observed for provide δ-pyridyl sulfonamides and γ-pyridyl carboxamides. utility demonstrated offering a practical approach late-stage functionalization complex...

Abstract The site‐selective C−H functionalization of heteroarenes is considerable importance for streamlining the rapid modification bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a general strategy visible‐light‐induced β‐carbonyl alkylation at C4 position pyridines with high site selectivity using various cyclopropanols and N‐amidopyridinium salts. In this process, hydrogen‐atom transfer between generated sulfonamidyl radicals O−H bonds generates radicals, providing efficient access to...

This paper proposes a new K-best detection method that is efficient in area and energy consumption. To reduce the complexity required tree expansion sorting, some children of candidate are not expanded if they estimated as inferior ones, considered sorting. In addition, we propose an pipeline scheduling called early forwarding to overall processing latency number registers. Employing relaxed makes it possible chip power consumption well latency. Targeting 4 × 16 quadrature amplitude...

We report a new single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-induced re-entrant lyotropic phase behavior of Pluronic F127 block copolymers in water which show two hexagonal regions. The small angle X-ray scattering measurements that as the concentration is increased from 5 to 100 wt% by evaporation, F127–SWNT/water system exhibits isotropic–hexagonal–(FCC/hex)–BCC–hexagonal–lamellar transitions, contrast F127/water showing isotropic–FCC–BCC–hexagonal-lamellar transitions. This clearly indicates...

Stable rodlike nanoparticles with highly controlled surface charge density have been developed by the free radical polymerization of mixture polymerizable cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium 4-vinylbenzoate (CTVB), and hydrotropic salt sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) in aqueous solution. The polymerized CTVB/NaSS was varying NaSS concentration during process, variation interpreted terms overcharging effect colloidal systems. SANS measurements show that diameter is constant at 4 nm...

An efficient phosphono-heteroarylation of unactivated alkenes was developed through a one-pot bifunctionalization process to give access β-pyridylphosphine structural motifs.

Filler morphology control is critical for enhancing the gas separation performance of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). A vertical transport channel using crystal twinning phenomenon designed on zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) nanoplate. Twinned ZIF-8 (TZIF-8) nanoplate prepared by controlling shape ZIF-L from nanosheet to twinned flake, followed conversion into phase. With addition TZIF-8 in 6FDA-DAM polymer, propylene/propane selectivity dramatically enhanced, showing propylene...

Cancer cell migration enables metastatic spread causing most cancer deaths. Rho-family GTPases control migration, but being embedded in a highly interconnected feedback network, the of their dynamical behavior during remains elusive. To address this question, we reconstructed signaling network involved and developed Boolean model to analyze different states emergent rewiring at protrusions extracellular matrix-dependent migration. Extensive simulations experimental validations revealed that...

Abstract Background: Network motifs within biological networks show non-random abundances in systems at different scales. Large directed protein the cellular level are now well defined several diverse species. We aimed to compare nature of significantly observed two- and three-node network across three kingdoms (Arabidopsis thaliana for multicellular plants, Saccharomyces cerevisiae unicellular fungi Homo sapiens animals). Results: ‘Two-node feedback’ is most significant motif all By...

The phase behavior of HBC-C12 in p-xylene at various concentrations has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, small angle neutron scattering and wide-angle X-ray techniques, a diagram depending on concentration temperature determined with detailed structural information. At room temperature, forms needle-like crystalline aggregates rectangular columnar packing which is essentially the same as bulk. Upon heating, it undergoes two transitions,...

Abstract Many methods for early diagnosis of the disease use biomarker tests, which measure indicators biological state in body fluids or blood. However, a limitation these is their low sensitivity to biomarkers. In this study, human serum albumin (HSA) based nanoparticles capable encapsulating excess horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are synthesized and applied development enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit with ultra-high sensitivity. The size amount encapsulated enzyme controlled by...

Catalytic ring-opening phosphonation and phosphatation of vinyl aziridines have been developed in a regiodivergent fashion, giving linear branched products. Generation P-centered radicals enables SN2′-type reactions to afford δ-amino alkylphosphorus products at room temperature. On the other hand, situ generated phosphate anions via Ag-catalyzed aerobic oxidation phosphonyl reactants underwent SN2 reaction provide phosphorus-containing amine Furthermore, this divergent methodology serves as...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a viable technology for high-speed data transmission by virtue of its spectral efficiency and robustness to multi-path fading. These advantages can be achieved only with good synchronization both in time frequency. This paper proposes new efficient methods an OFDM-based system, IEEE 802.16d. For the coarse fractional carrier offset (CFO) estimation, disjoint architecture proposed that performs auto-correlations separately achieve more...

Square and square-root are widely used in digital signal processing communication algorithms, their efficient realizations commonly required to reduce the hardware complexity. In implementation point of view, approximate often desired if they do not degrade performance significantly. this paper, we propose new linear approximations for square functions. The traditional need multipliers calculate slope offsets tables store initial offset values values, whereas proposed exploit inherent...

The self-assembly of nanocrystals using a bottom-up approach is advantageous because it possible to control their direct structure at nanometre length scale and collective optical electronic properties. Here, we present the novel fabrication aqueous amphiphilic nanocrystallo-polymers. Hydrophobic are used as hydrophobic component amphiphiles, they can drive interaction-mediated create various nanostructures, such spherical aggregates, core-shell unimolecular micelles, cylinders. be uniformly...

The cold neutron research facility project at the Korean HANARO reactor was launched in 2003. A state-of-the-art small-angle scattering instrument selected as a top-priority instrument. An analytical calculation used to obtain optimum design and appropriate range of vectors Then, order optimize layout enhance instrument's performance, Monte Carlo simulation performed. Q [where is magnitude vector given by (4π/λ)sin(θ/2), θ angle λ wavelength] will extend from 0.0008 1.0 Å−1. optimized based...

Targeting IEEE 802.16d systems, this paper presents a new approach for coarse time synchronization and carrier frequency offset estimation. In contrast to the previous architecture that usually computes both of them jointly within unified auto-correlator, proposed one performs separately achieve more reliable reduce overall hardware complexity by optimizing individually. Experimental results show leads better compared joint estimation, is efficient in respects silicon area power consumption.

Developing high response hydrogen sensors manufacturable in a large scale is desirable industry. In this study, chromium oxidation-based nanogap formation process was developed to fabricate switch with suspended palladium and gold films having tens of nanometer-sized gap. The formed by using oxidized as self-alignment shadow mask. operates the principle volume expansion upon exposure gas current reading closing between films. Further improvement sensor performance achieved optimizing design...

Square-related functions such as square, inverse square-root and operations are widely used in digital signal processing communication algorithms, their efficient realizations commonly required to reduce the hardware complexity. In implementation point of view, approximate often desired if they do not degrade performance significantly. this paper, we propose new linear approximations for square-related functions. The traditional need multipliers calculate slope offsets tables store initial...

This paper proposes a new K-best detection method that can realize small-area and low-energy MIMO detector. To reduce the complexity required in operations, tree expansion is relaxed by early evicting inferior children. Additionally, an efficient pipeline scheduling called forwarding proposed to overall processing latency number registers. A 4×4 16-QAM detector integrating four units implemented demonstrate method. In 0.18-μm CMOS technology, entire occupies 1.9 mm2 shows throughput of 584...