A5067439987- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Heavy metals in environment
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Climate change and permafrost
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Polar Research and Ecology
University of East Anglia
2014-2023
Norwich Research Park
2013-2023
National University of Malaysia
2020
Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement
2007-2012
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2007-2012
Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique
2012
Natural Environment Research Council
2007
British Antarctic Survey
2007
University of Reading
2007
University of Bern
2007
Emission inventories for major reactive tropospheric Cl species (particulate Cl, HCl, ClNO 2 , CH 3 CHCl CCl C 4 HCl and CHClF ) were integrated across source types (terrestrial biogenic oceanic emissions, sea‐salt production dechlorination, biomass burning, industrial fossil‐fuel combustion, incineration). Composite emissions compared with known sinks to assess budget closure; relative contributions of natural anthropogenic sources differentiated. Model calculations suggest that...
Automated in situ gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) measurements of a range predominantly biogenic alkyl halides air, including CHBr 3 , 2 Cl, CH Br, C H 5 I, ICl, I and the hitherto unreported IBr were made at Mace Head during 3‐week period May 1997. 7 CHICH monitored but not detected. Positive correlations observed between polyhalomethane pairs /CHBr Cl /CH monohalomethane pair I/C which are interpreted terms common or linked marine sources. During periods when air masses...
Although there are many chlorine‐containing trace gases in the atmosphere, only those with atmospheric lifetimes of 2 years or fewer appear to have significant natural sources. The most abundant these methyl chloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene. Methyl chloride represents about 540 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) Cl, while others together amount 120 pptv Cl. For both oceanic land‐based emissions been identified. other gases, is evidence...
Abstract. Air was sampled from the porous firn layer at NEEM site in Northern Greenland. We use an ensemble of ten reference tracers known atmospheric history to characterise transport properties site. By analysing uncertainties both data and gas histories, we can objectively assign weights each gases used for depth-diffusivity reconstruction. define objective root mean square criterion that is minimised model tuning procedure. Each tracer constrains profile differently through its unique...
Pb206/Pb207 and Pb208/Pb207 isotope ratios were measured in a series of daily atmospheric aerosol samples collected southern Sweden between 9 February 30 May 1988. The observed to vary considerably, depending on the origin air. 5-day back-trajectories used classify according source region: Northwest, Western Europe, East, Eastern or combination two regions. Significant differences found. Unique signatures based could be assigned for each region. generally consistent with Swedish other...
Abstract. Current estimates of global halocarbon emissions highlight the tropical coastal environment as an important source very short-lived (VSL) biogenic halocarbons to troposphere and stratosphere, due a combination assumed high primary productivity in waters prevalence deep convective transport, potentially capable rapidly lifting surface upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. However, despite this perceived importance, direct measurements emissions, notably from macroalgae (seaweeds),...
Abstract. A network of three tall tower measurement stations was set up in 2012 across the United Kingdom to expand measurements made at long-term background northern hemispheric site, Mace Head, Ireland. Reliable and precise situ greenhouse gas (GHG) analysis systems were developed deployed sites UK with automated instrumentation measuring a suite GHGs. The Deriving Emissions linked Climate Change (UK DECC) uses (165–230 m) open-lattice telecommunications towers, which provide convenient...
It is not currently possible to quantify regional-scale fossil fuel carbon dioxide (ffCO2) emissions with high accuracy in near real time. Existing atmospheric methods for separating ffCO2 from large natural variations are constrained by sampling limitations, so that estimates of regional changes emissions, such as those occurring response coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns, rely on indirect activity data. We present a method quantifying signals based continuous measurements...
We report here on the details of first, in situ, real‐time measurements H‐1211 (CBrClF 2 ) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 mixing ratios stratosphere up to 20 km. Stratospheric air was analyzed for these gases others with a new gas Chromatograph, flown aboard National Aeronautics Space Administration ER‐2 aircraft as part Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment/Measurements Assessing Effects Aircraft mission conducted 1994. The ratio SF , its nearly linear increase troposphere, used...
We detected a compound previously unreported in the atmosphere, trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF(5)CF(3)). Measurements of its infrared absorption cross section show SF(5)CF(3) to have radiative forcing 0.57 watt per square meter parts billion. This is largest forcing, on molecule basis, any gas found atmosphere date. Antarctic firn measurements it grown from near zero late 1960s about 0.12 part trillion 1999. It presently growing by 0.008 year, or 6% year. Stratospheric profiles...
About 40% of the heat trapped by anthropogenic greenhouse gases is due to other than carbon dioxide, primarily methane.
Abstract. The total stratospheric organic chlorine and bromine burden was derived from balloon-borne measurements in the tropics (Teresina, Brazil, 5°04´ S, 42°52´ W) 2005. Whole air samples were collected cryogenically at altitudes between 15 34 km. For first time, we report of a set 28 chlorinated brominated substances tropical upper troposphere stratosphere including ten with an atmospheric lifetime less than half year. quantified using pre-concentration techniques followed by Gas...
Abstract. Large and effective reductions in emissions of long-lived ozone-depleting substance (ODS) are being achieved through the Montreal Protocol, effectiveness which can be seen declining atmospheric abundances many ODSs. An important remaining uncertainty concerns role very short-lived substances (VSLSs) which, owing to their relatively short lifetimes (less than 6 months), not regulated under Protocol. Recent studies have found an unexplained increase global tropospheric abundance one...
Abstract. The UK is one of several countries around the world that has enacted legislation to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we present top-down emissions methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) for Ireland over period August~2012 August~2014. These were inferred using measurements from a network four sites two countries. We used hierarchical Bayesian inverse framework infer fluxes as well set covariance parameters describe uncertainties in system. average total 2.09...
Abstract Recent studies show that the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) transports emissions from rapidly industrializing nations in Asia into tropical upper troposphere. Here, we present a unique set of measurements on over 100 air samples collected multiple flights M55 Geophysica high altitude research aircraft Mediterranean, Nepal, and Northern India during summers 2016 2017 as part European Union project StratoClim. These were measured for 27 ozone‐depleting substances (ODSs), many...
In the Arctic winter 1998/99, two balloon payloads were launched in a co‐ordinated study of stratospheric bromine. Vertical profiles (9–28 km) all known major organic Br species (CH 3 Br, C 2 H 5 CH BrCl, CHBrCl , CHBr Cl, H1301, H1211, H2402, and H1202) measured, total (henceforth called y org ) originating from these precursors was inferred as function altitude. This compared with inorganic reactive derived spectroscopic BrO observations, after accounting for modeled partitioning. Within...