Ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) are receiving increased attention as materials capable of yielding efficient electroluminescent devices with air-stable electrodes. The operational characteristics these dominated by the presence mobile ions that redistribute under an applied bias and assist in electronic charge injection. This article reviews recent efforts field iTMC devices: i) to understand their physics, ii) improve efficiency, colour, turn-on time lifetime, iii) expose potential...

Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) are attractive candidates for display and lighting applications. A major limitation of application iTMC is their turn-on times, which range minutes to hours at 3 V. We report novel ruthenium iridium with pendant triethylammonium groups bonded the ligands methylene units various lengths. These materials lead times V as short 2.5 min low 5 s complexes.

This article describes the IBM Blue Gene/Q interconnection network and message unit. is third generation in Gene line of massively parallel supercomputers can be scaled to 20 petaflops beyond. For better application scalability performance, has new routing algorithms techniques parallelize injection reception packets interface.

Through the use of high-speed camera and Langmuir probe measurements in a cylindrical Hall thruster, we report discovery rotating spoke increased plasma density light emission which correlates with electron transport across magnetic field. As cathode is increased, sharp transition occurs where disappears decreases. This suggests that significant fraction current might be directed through spoke.

Zonal flows are well known to arise spontaneously out of turbulence. We show that for statistically averaged equations the stochastically forced generalized Hasegawa-Mima model, steady-state zonal flows, and inhomogeneous turbulence fit into framework pattern formation. There many implications. First, wavelength is not unique. Indeed, in an idealized, infinite system, any within a certain continuous band corresponds solution. Second, these wavelengths, only those smaller subband linearly...

Nontrivial topology in bulk matter has been linked with the existence of topologically protected interfacial states. We show that a gaseous plasmon polariton (GPP), an electromagnetic surface wave existing at boundary magnetized plasma and vacuum, topological origin arises from nontrivial plasma. Because cannot sustain sharp interface discontinuous density, one must consider gradual density falloff scale length comparable or longer than wavelength wave. GPP may be found within gapped...

In geophysical and plasma contexts, zonal flows (ZFs) are well known to arise out of turbulence. We elucidate the transition from homogeneous turbulence without ZFs inhomogeneous with steady ZFs. Starting equation for barotropic flow on a β plane, we employ both quasilinear approximation statistical average, which retains great deal qualitative behavior full system. Within resulting framework as CE2, extend recent understanding symmetry-breaking zonostrophic instability show that it is an...

Quantum phase estimation provides a path to quantum computation of solutions Hermitian eigenvalue problems $Hv = \lambda v$, such as those occurring in chemistry. It is natural ask whether the same technique can be applied generalized $Av B which arise many areas science and engineering. We answer this question affirmatively. A restricted class could solved efficiently standard problems. paradigmatic example provided by Sturm--Liouville Another comes from linear ideal magnetohydrodynamics,...

Abstract In the present Letter, first-of-its-kind computer simulations predicting plasma profiles for modern optimized stellarators—while self-consistently retaining neoclassical transport, turbulent transport with 3D effects, and external physical sources—are presented. These exploit a newly developed coupling framework involving global gyrokinetic turbulence code GENE-3D, KNOSOS, 1D solver TANGO. This is used to analyze recently observed degradation of energy confinement in electron-heated...

Recent discoveries have demonstrated that matter can be distinguished on the basis of topological considerations, giving rise to concept phase. Introduced originally in condensed physics, physics phase also fruitfully applied plasmas. Here, theory is introduced, including a discussion Berry phase, connection, curvature and Chern number. One clear physical manifestations bulk-boundary correspondence, existence localized unidirectional modes at interface between topologically distinct phases....

The wave kinetic equation (WKE) describing drift-wave (DW) turbulence is widely used in studies of zonal flows (ZFs) emerging from DW turbulence. However, this formulation neglects the exchange enstrophy between DWs and ZFs also ignores effects beyond geometrical-optics limit. We derive a modified theory that takes both these into account, while still treating quanta ("driftons") as particles phase space. drifton dynamics described by an Wigner-Moyal type, which commonly known phase-space...

The self-organisation of turbulence into regular zonal flows can be fruitfully investigated with quasi-linear methods and statistical descriptions. A wave-kinetic equation that assumes asymptotically large-scale leads to ultraviolet divergence. From an exact description dynamics emerges two better geometrical optics approximations. These involve not only the mean flow shear but also second third derivative flow. One approximation takes form a new equation, is valid when quasi-static wave...

Learning dynamics from dissipative chaotic systems is notoriously difficult due to their inherent instability, as formalized by positive Lyapunov exponents, which exponentially amplify errors in the learned dynamics. However, many of these exhibit ergodicity and an attractor: a compact highly complex manifold, trajectories converge finite-time, that supports invariant measure, i.e., probability distribution under action dynamics, dictates long-term statistical behavior system. In this work,...

As a milestone for general-purpose computing machines, we demonstrate that quantum processors can be programed to efficiently simulate dynamics are not native the hardware. Moreover, on noisy devices without error correction, show simulation results significantly improved when program is compiled using modular gates instead of restricted set standard gates. We general methodology by solving cubic interaction problem, which appears in nonlinear optics, gauge theories, as well plasma and fluid...

We consider the effects of a finite radial electric field on ion orbits in subsonic pedestal. Using procedure that makes clear distinction between transit average and flux surface we are able to solve kinetic equation retain modifications due drift orbit departures from surfaces. Our approach properly determines velocity space localized, as well nonlocal, portion distribution function banana plateau regimes small aspect ratio limit. The rapid variation poloidal flow coefficient electrostatic...

Zonal flows in rotating systems have been previously shown to be suppressed by the imposition of a background magnetic field aligned with direction rotation. Understanding physics behind suppression may important found astrophysical fluid dynamics, such as stellar interiors. However, mechanism has not yet explained. In idealized setting magnetized beta plane, we provide theoretical explanation that shows how fluctuations directly counteract growth weak zonal flows. Two distinct calculations...

In recent experiments with cylindrical and annular Hall thrusters, the enhanced crossfield electron transport induced by rotating spoke was directly measured using a segmented anode. Approximately 50% of total current found to pass through spoke. For oscillations were characterized emissive biased electrostatic probes high speed imaging. The findings revealed perturbed electric field which enhances across field. Control suppression can be achieved varying effective boundaries thruster...

One method of controlling aircraft is to assign each a given track, the distance between successive tracks being sufficiently great ensure that collision risk very low. Most approaches problem stipulating what this spacing should be, assume possible divergences an about its preassigned path follow Gaussian distribution with standard deviation obtained by considering all usual sources navigational error (e.g. compass and fixing error) together meteorological errors due inaccuracies in forecasting.

*§ ** § Two permanent magnet versions of the miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) with different channel outer diameters, 1.5 cm and 2.6 cm, were operated in power range 50W-300 W. With twice smaller total consumption, CHT is lighter than its electromagnet counterpart. Results discharge plasma plume measurements suggest that magnets coils operate rather differently. In particular, flow from thrusters has an unusual halo shape angular ion current density distribution a majority high...

Classification of matter through topological phases and edge states between distinct materials has been a subject great interest recently. While lattices have the main setting for these studies, relatively unexplored realm this physics is that continuum fluids. In typical case fluid model with point spectrum, nontrivial topology associated modes observed previously. However, another possibility continuous spectrum can coexist spectrum. Here we demonstrate plasma harbor within its there are...

The theoretical determination of a fix from number simultaneous, or near positional data has attracted considerable attention during the last five years. A problem is presented whenever amount information obtained more than sufficient to determine fix, most common case being when set three position lines obtained. In this instance size triangle intersection can be used estimate whether not are likely consistent with each other; if they are, some central point inside accepted as fix. doing...