Titanium (Ti) surface roughness affects proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Cytokines growth factors produced in the milieu surrounding an implant may also be influenced by its surface, thereby modulating healing process. This study examined effect on two known to have potent effects bone, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) transforming factor β1 (TGF-β1). cells were cultured Ti disks varying roughness. The surfaces ranked from smoothest roughest:...

Summary: ITI® dental implants are available with two bone‐anchoring surfaces, a titanium plasma‐sprayed (TPS) surface, and recently introduced sandblasted acid‐etched (SLA) surface. Cell culture animal tests demonstrate that the SLA surface stimulates bone cell differentiation protein production, has large amounts of bone‐to‐implant contact, results in removal torque values functional testing contact. As result these studies, prospective human clinical trial was initiated to determine...

Although it is well accepted that implant success dependent on various surface properties, little known about the effect of roughness cell metabolism or differentiation, whether effects vary with maturational state cells interacting implant. In current study, we examined titanium (Ti) chondrocyte proliferation, and matrix synthesis using derived from stages endochondral development. Chondrocytes resting zone (RCs) growth (GCs) rat costochondral cartilage were cultured Ti disks prepared as...

Background: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) provides a non‐invasive assessment of implant stability. The established RFA device uses electronic technology, whereas recently developed magnetic technology. goal this clinical trial was to evaluate the ability detect changes in stability during early healing following placement and determine whether quatient (ISQ) values obtained correlated with those made device. Methods: assessments were performed using electronic‐ magnetic‐based devices on...

We present an investigation of the physico‐chemical surface properties commercially pure titanium coverslips which were submitted to various treatments designed optimize their topography in view application oral implantology. The microroughness, chemical composition and water wettability analyzed on prepared by mechanical polishing, acid attack HCl/HZSOI, after polishing or sandblasting, plasma‐spray. has been measured Auger electron spectroscopy. have no major influence all samples display...

Abstract Osteoblasts exhibit a more differentiated morphology on surfaces with rough microtopographies. Surface effects are often mediated through integrins that bind the RGD motif in cell attachment proteins. Here, we tested hypothesis modulating access to binding sites can modify response of osteoblasts surface microtopography. MG63 immature osteoblast‐like cells were cultured smooth (Ti sputter‐coated Si wafers) and (grit blasted/acid etched) Ti modified adsorbed monomolecular layers...

This study compared osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis on new used titanium (Ti) disks to test the hypothesis that cleaning resterilization of previously Ti does not alter cell response a particular surface. varying roughness were prepared by one five different treatment regimens. Standard tissue culture plastic was as control. Human osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) cultured RNA matrix production (collagen noncollagen protein; proteoglycans) measured. After their...

Abstract Mechanisms of corrosion at the areas contact between screw heads and plate holes were investigated using electrochemical potential recording techniques. Static crevice was studied with plates screws in isotonic hypertonic saline solutions (0.9 to 7.2% NaCl). Fretting vitro screwed tubular bone analogs which subjected cyclic axial loads, vivo on tibia sheep. tests showed that does not occur for periods up one year, but can solutions. Dynamic loading demonstrated immediate changes...

Spanish Agriculture: The Long Siesta, 1765–1965, first published in 1996, is a major study English of agrarian history. James Simpson examines how traditional agriculture responded to population growth and the integration commodity markets, emphasising both Spain's regional variations its context Europe. Using statistical data as well his wide knowledge recent secondary literature, argues that decisive changes farming techniques only occurred at start this century. He rejects arguments slow...

Wine cooperatives were relatively scarce in Europe before the Second World War, but by 1980s accounted for more than half of all wines made France, Italy, and Spain, three major producer countries. Unlike Danish dairy cooperatives, whose success First War was linked to their ability improve product quality compete high‐value niche markets, wine are often associated with production large volumes low‐quality products. This article argues that initial slow diffusion caused difficulties...

For long periods, and in line with recent theoretical literature, the rabassa morta sharecropping contract successfully reduced problems of moral hazard opportunistic behavior, provided incentives for sharecroppers to respond market opportunities. However, from late nineteenth century, technical change, rising wages, weak wine prices all increased postcontractual behavior on part sharecropper, leading conflicts loss trust between principal agent.

Las dificultades que existían para determinar la producción agraria a nivel nacional, en el siglo XIX, son bien conocidas. La poca fiabilidad del diezmo muchas zonas país después de Guerra Independencia, y falta un catastro o buenas informaciones tamaño superficie cultivada, hicieron casi imposible tarea los economistas agrónomos durante mayor parte XIX calcular cifras razonables producción. Por tanto, será muy difícil obtener hoy día índice, con datos archivos por métodos estadísticos...

Abstract Spanish land reform, involving the breakup of large southern estates, was a central issue during first decades twentieth century, and justified on economic political grounds. This article employs new provincial data landless workers, prices, agrarian wages to consider whether government intervention needed because failure free action markets redistribute land. Our evidence shows that relative number workers decreased significantly from 1860 1930, before approval 1932 Land reform...

Recent literature on sharecropping has emphasized its importance in reducing problems associated with moral hazard cultivation (in Tuscany), or providing a crucial ‘rung’ the farm ladder US south). Yet despite these and other important features, was surprisingly absent most regions. Using case studies French wine production, this article argues that number of factors have often been overlooked literature, first which is need for landowners to be able offer farms were sufficiently large both...

On the eve of Second Republic enormous estates were believed to be undercultivated by their absentee owners, denying landless workers employment, and leading widespread rural poverty in southern Spain. The slow implementation a land reform deeply divided Spanish society, is often cited as cause outbreak Civil War. This paper, using large sample farm level information collected Institute Agrarian Reform for expropriated region Extremadura, questions whether farms poorly cultivated, argues...

Very different commodity chains had been established over the centuries in France to produce and sell wines as diverse champagne, fine old clarets, or ordinary table wines. The major shortages caused by vine disease phylloxera after 1875 forced merchants search for new sources of supply, often foreign countries through production artificial When domestic revived, however, recovery was not accompanied a noticeable reduction these supplies, with result that prices, well growers' profitability,...