Psychological reactance, routinely operationalized as a latent construct comprised of anger and negative cognitions, represents an aversive state following threatened or eliminated freedom. The current study sought to extend the literature by comparing three distinct measures cognitions: (a) trained coder (thought-listing), (b) participant coding (c) Likert scale. Participants (N = 540) were randomly assigned view messages in 2 (language: forceful non-forceful) x 3 (topic: exercise, fruit...

This investigation sought to advance the extended parallel process model in important ways by testing associations among strengths of efficacy and threat appeals with fear as well two outcomes fear-control processing, psychological reactance message minimization. Within context print ads admonishing against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) fictitious Trepidosis virus, partial support was found for additive no multiplicative model. High mitigated freedom perceptions across both contexts....

The current study advances the literature on environmental communication by exploring message strategies for promoting residential water and energy conservation. In doing so, this also builds psychological reactance theory examining two additional antecedents to reactance: choice clustering descriptive norms. Across samples, participants (N = 857) were randomly assigned view conservation print ads in a 2 (choice clustering: vs. no choice) × (descriptive norm: high low) between subjects...

Five focus groups were conducted to better understand African-American adults' (N = 62) perceptions of organ donation. Applying the health belief model, results revealed that participants generally aware need for donors and felt susceptible needing a transplant in future. Additionally, number perceived barriers greatly outweighed benefits Several novel donation, not currently identified literature, arose during group discussions, alluding larger source mistrust among African-Americans. In...

Bystander intervention programs are a feature on college campuses; however, the effectiveness of these among certain subsets men has recently been questioned. The current study examines men's resistance to bystander efforts by investigating message fatigue as theoretical explanation for how may fail men. Specifically, examined both active (i.e., reactance) and passive inattention) messages sample (N = 518). Results were consistent with reactance mediating mechanism explaining failure...

Context Prior research examining rationales for enrolling as an organ donor is biased because of its reliance on college student samples and retrospective recall. Objective To characterize New York state residents' registry enrollment decisions in close proximity to a registration opportunity. Design Surveys were conducted with customers exiting Department Motor Vehicle offices. Participants A total 1325 surveyed upon 1 18 offices spanning 9 counties. Main Outcome Measure Customers making...

The high prevalence of sexual assault in US college campuses has led to a widespread implementation bystander intervention programs aimed at preventing assault. current study examines predictors students' intentions engage through the theoretical lens reasoned action approach. An online survey with students (N = 186) was conducted large Midwestern university. Our results indicated experiential attitudes, instrumental descriptive norms, autonomy, and capacity, each positively associated...

Abstract Research published by Richards and Banas et al. demonstrated that an inoculation treatment given to participants prior their exposure a series of freedom-threatening persuasive health messages mitigates audiences’ freedom-threat perceptions, state psychological reactance, behavioral intentions. We sought conceptually replicate the studies with sample ever-vapers who were either assigned condition or control then exposed dogmatic anti-vaping while psychophysiological responses...

Abstract Increasing organ donor registration enrollment inside motor vehicle facilities (MVF) is a common approach in the United States. From this research, formula for what works has emerged within literature including presence of an interpersonal component, video messages, and point‐of‐decision materials. These intervention components have demonstrated effectiveness at increasing registrations relatively new statewide registries; however, their MVFs with mature registry remains...

Objective: Given the high prevalence of sexual assault on U.S. college campuses, current study examines predictors students' intentions to intervene prevent through lens theory normative social behavior (TNSB). Participants: One hundred eighty-six undergraduate students age 18–25 were recruited from an introductory course at a large Midwestern university. Methods: Data collected online survey during 2015–2016 academic year. Results: Results indicated that descriptive norms, injunctive and...

Abstract The current research aimed to advance the psychological reactance theory literature by extending this framework older adults (N = 525) age 55 or older. In doing so, project tests two principles of as well exploring relationship between and a behavioral outcome. Results demonstrated that threat additional driver’s license requirements, issue involvement, personal relevance threatened freedom increased perceptions. turn, perceptions were positively associated with reactance. Reactance...

Social norms are common in persuasive messaging. For trending a positive direction, it may be beneficial to emphasize change (i.e. dynamic norm) rather than the status quo static norm). To test this proposition, we examined college students' responses social norm messages encouraging moderate alcohol use. Undergraduates (N = 842) were randomly assigned view ("More students drinking moderation"), descriptive ("Most drink or no message control. Four mechanisms as potential mediators, three of...

Background: The prevalence of vaping among young people is a public health crisis. Social norms can contribute to the problem, but also solution. Objective: current study examined adults' responses anti-vaping messages that varied on two features: social and behavioral framing. Methods: College students (N = 270) were randomly assigned one five conditions in 2 (social norm: dynamic norm, static norm) X (behavioral framing: vaping, not vaping) between-subjects factorial design with no message...

Mature adults represent an important audience segment for organ donation practitioners. Despite their potential impact as donors, compared to other age demographics, registration rates are much lower.The objective of the current campaign was determine most effective source and message strategy promote tissue among mature adults.A 2 (states: Illinois Iowa) by (sources: government agency procurement organization [OPO]) 3 (taglines: Any is right share gift life, Don't rule yourself out, out:...

Context: Examination of efficacy motor vehicle representative educational training and dissemination promotional materials as a means to promote organ donation enrollments in New York State. Objective: To increase the number State residents who consent through department transactions during project period. Setting: County-run offices across Participants: Customers present Department Motor Vehicle work at designated bureaus. Interventions: point-of-decision including posters, brochures,...

Mature adults (age 50-64) make up a large proportion of organ transplant recipients, and waiting list candidates yet are underrepresented in terms actual donors. Understanding the reasons why mature fail to register as deceased donors is critical achieving goal increasing actionable supply organs available for transplant. Conceptual models propose certain factors such bodily integrity, ick (i.e., disgust), jinx superstition), medical mistrust, salience, self-efficacy, stake associated with...

The current study examines the relationship between mortality salience and attitude, beliefs, behavior toward organ donor registration. Participants (N = 484) completed a laboratory in 2 (mortality vs. control) x (processing: distal proximal) between-subjects factorial design. Dependent variables included death thought accessibility, information seeking, donation beliefs (bodily integrity, ick, jinx, medical mistrust). Differences conditions were examined with independent samples t-tests χ2...

The current study advances the literature on psychological reactance theory by examining moderating role of message elaboration process. Participants (N = 512) were randomly assigned to a condition (freedom-threatening vs. non-freedom-threatening language) in between-subjects quasi-experimental design. Message was not manipulated but rather varied naturally. Two topics examined (energy conservation and organ donation). Results demonstrated that freedom-threatening language positively...

Objective: The current study examined message fatigue as a theoretical explanation for college students' resistance to anti–binge drinking messaging. Specifically, inattention and psychological reactance were mediators bridging the perceived effectiveness relationship. Method: University students (N = 783, 60% female) recruited by university's SONA sampling system participate in an online Qualtrics survey where they read discouraging binge drinking. Results: In line with our predictions,...

To date, African Americans and Latinos consent to organ donation at lower rates than Caucasians are disproportionately represented on transplant waiting lists. However, limited work has investigated racial differences in predictors of registration. In this study, we examined the antecedents American, Caucasian, Latino young adults’ registration intentions using theory planned behavior, noncognitive model, perceived realism. Non-donors (N = 307) were recruited a stratified random telephone...