This study uniquely examined the effects on self, cognition, anxiety, and physiology when iPhone users are unable to answer their while performing cognitive tasks. A 2 x within-subjects experiment was conducted. Participants (N = 40 users) completed word search puzzles. Among key findings from this were that ringing during a puzzle, heart rate blood pressure increased, self-reported feelings of anxiety unpleasantness extended self cognition decreased. These suggest negative psychological...

The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors and consequences associated with Instagram selfie posting. Thus, explored whether body image satisfaction predicts posting is then Instagram-related conflict negative romantic relationship outcomes. A total 420 users aged 18 62 years (M = 29.3, SD 8.12) completed an online survey questionnaire. Analysis a serial multiple mediator model using bootstrapping methods indicated that sequentially increased conflict, which related These...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationship between using social networking site known as Facebook and negative interpersonal outcomes. A survey 205 users aged 18-82 conducted a 16-question online examine whether high levels use predicted outcomes (breakup/divorce, emotional cheating, physical cheating). It hypothesized that those with higher would demonstrate more than lower use. then examined these relationships were mediated by Facebook-related conflict. Furthermore,...

During individual laboratory sessions, 49 women with an actual-ideal self-discrepancy randomly viewed 12 images of media fashion models varying in body types. Heart rate was recorded during image exposure. Self-report social comparisons and satisfaction were measured following exposure to each image. A visual recognition test administered the last The results indicated that reported greatest least amount when viewing plus size models, but decreased increased average sized followed by thin...

The purpose of this study was to examine how social networking site (SNS) use, specifically Twitter influences negative interpersonal relationship outcomes. This examined the mediational effect Twitter-related conflict on between active use and outcomes, mechanism may be contingent length romantic relationship. A total 581 users aged 18 67 years (Mage=29, SDage=8.9) completed an online survey questionnaire. Moderation-mediation regression analyses using bootstrapping methods indicated that...

This study tests the hypothesis that defensive message processing, like behaviors in real world, has two directions, fight-and-flight. The Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) characterizes processing by increases unpleasantness and arousal reports, accelerated heart rate indicating either a focus on internal (internal thoughts) or active withdrawal cognitive resources from highly arousing unpleasant media messages. However, LC4MP not included direct...

This study experimentally examines the effect of smoking cues and disgust images commonly found in anti-tobacco advertisements on tobacco smokers’ message processing. In a 2 (smoking cues) × (disgust) within-subjects experiment, smokers watched selected to vary presence/absence high/low ratings disgust. The results experiment suggest that each have effects resource allocation, recognition memory, emotional responses, urges, intentions quit smoking. However, most notable finding this was how...

Self-transcendent media experiences are thought to involve cognitive engagement and mixed affect, leading psychological well-being. The current study investigated whether these characteristics were reflected in viewers' psychophysiological responses sharing intentions. Multilevel model analyses revealed that viewers (n = 57) allocated more resources encoding (heart rate), experienced greater physiological arousal (skin conductance level), less positive but negative affect (facial...

Abstract This study incorporated the dual-motivational theory with psychological reactance to investigate cognitive and emotional responses that unfold when audience members encounter a freedom-threatening message experience reactance. A total of 100 college-aged, daily e-cigarette users were purposively recruited randomly assigned view four, 30-second anti-vaping public service announcements (PSAs) in random presentation featuring either dogmatic or suggestive language. As expected, PSA...

There is a lack of research examining whether smoking cues in anti-tobacco advertisements elicit cravings, or this effect moderated by countervailing message attributes, such as disgusting images. Furthermore, no has examined how these types messages influence nicotine withdrawn smokers' cognitive processing and associated behavioral intentions. At laboratory session, participants (N = 50 nicotine-deprived adults) were tested for recognition memory 12 varying depictions disgust content....

To counter the negative effects of viewing unrealistically thin and attractive models in beauty fashion advertisements, some companies depict women with larger bodies their advertisement campaigns. Previous experimental evidence suggests may feel more satisfied own immediately after advertisements featuring these models. The current study aimed to extend findings by examining moderating role trait body discrepancies presence objectifying advertising slogans advertisements. A sample 202...

Abstract This study tested Psychological Reactance Theory and the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing by examining participants’ (N = 155 young adult, ever-vapers) cognitive affective responses to anti-vaping public service announcements (PSAs) featuring dogmatic or suggestive language. Ever-vapers in PSA condition were predicted report greater perceived freedom threats, anger counterarguments, intentions vape relative ever-vapers condition. also examined how...

The conditions under which social media use impacts well-being and mental health are complex. current 10-day longitudinal quasi-experiment (student sample, N = 111) applied an entertainment theory lens to explore the effects of active posting engaging with hedonic or inspiring Facebook content (vs. passive browsing) on young people’s eudaimonic (levels connectedness humanity, love, compassion, presence meaning) (anxiety depressive symptoms). results provide tentative evidence that finding...

The purpose of this study was to investigate how rotoscope animation affects cognitive and emotional processing depression drug ads. A 2 (animation) × (position tone) 4 (message) experiment conducted. Participants (N = 100) viewed 4, 90-s messages. STRTs (secondary task reaction times) self-report responses were collected. also completed an audio recognition following each message. Among the key findings from that participants in animated condition showed signs withdrawal descent into a...

Extensive research demonstrates that exposure to threatening anti-tobacco messages can lead defensive message processing which reduces effectiveness. However, investigating whether this effect is moderated by the smoking status of viewer lacking. In study, participants (N = 48 smokers and N 51 non-smokers) viewed rated secondhand smoke depicting both cues threat content, or neither while heart rate, skin conductance, facial EMG were recorded. Post viewing, self-reported emotional experience,...

Guilt is a widely used emotional appeal in environmental sustainability and other advocacy messages. However, unintended negative effects such as psychological reactance, where individuals resist or reject the message, have been identified, scholars recently suggested strategies to mitigate those effects. Using an experimental design, study examined role of self-efficacy cues (lower vs. higher magnitude behavioral recommendations) message recommendation component guilt appeals that are...

The measurement of an individual's heart rate has many relevant theoretical implications for communication research. However, there are reasons to believe that the most common way reporting cardiac response—beats per minute (BPM)—might not be appropriate all methodological situations. This article presents overview historical use activity within research, and provides a summary current conceptualizations attention resource allocation. To fully understand difference between BPM interbeat...

A 2 × experiment was conducted, where participants watched anti-tobacco messages that varied in deception (content portraying tobacco companies as dishonest) and disgust (negative graphic images) content. Psychophysiological measures, self-report, a recognition test were used to hypotheses generated from the motivated cognition framework. The results of this study indicate containing both push viewers into cascade defensive responses reflected by increased self-reported unpleasantness,...

The Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) aims to understand message processing dynamics. Despite 20 years research, no meta-analysis has assessed LC4MP effects. We conducted a the model examine three theoretical research domains in LC4MP: cognitive load, motivation, and memory. Results from 142 articles 683 effects demonstrate that pooled effect sizes for domain range r = .314–.398. Effect vary by measurement modality with self-report resulting largest...

Abstract Research published by Richards and Banas et al. demonstrated that an inoculation treatment given to participants prior their exposure a series of freedom-threatening persuasive health messages mitigates audiences’ freedom-threat perceptions, state psychological reactance, behavioral intentions. We sought conceptually replicate the studies with sample ever-vapers who were either assigned condition or control then exposed dogmatic anti-vaping while psychophysiological responses...

Health communication scholars have provided ample evidence demonstrating the ways in which freedom-threatening language used persuasive health messages evokes freedom-threat perceptions, state psychological reactance, and intentions to engage behaviors opposite of those recommended by message. This study examined a novel mitigation strategy for diminishing these outcomes. We whether prior exposure entertainment portrayals moral virtue (versus neutral video) can dampen audiences' consume...

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, APA, 2000), autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that characterized by impairments in social communicative behaviors with great variations ability, depending on developmental level, intelligence, chronological age. Thus, spectrum affects large number children (1 every 150) various degrees (Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 2007). Autism further defined as qualitative...