Although mmWave systems promise to offer larger bandwidth and unprecedented peak data rates, their practical implementation faces several hardware challenges compared sub-6 GHz communication systems. These constraints can seriously undermine the performance deployment progress of thus necessitate disruptive solutions in cross-design analog digital modules. In this article, we discuss importance different propose a novel system architecture that is able release these while achieving better...

In time division duplexing (TDD) millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, downlink channel state information (CSI) can be obtained from uplink estimation thanks to reciprocity. However, under high-mobility scenarios, frequent is needed due aging. Additionally, large amounts of antennas and subcarriers result in high-dimensional CSI matrices, aggravating pilot training overhead. To address this, we propose a three-domain (3D) extrapolation framework...

Abstract A continuously undulating pipeline results in the accumulation of air at high points and liquid low during commissioning, hindering process, impacting oil product quality. Cavitation may occur crossover point, especially for saturated vapor pressure oils, potentially causing water strikes damage. This study focuses on BZ pipeline, transporting condensate a varied terrain. It proposes “oil injection after isolation section” commissioning method develops 20 schemes based site...

With the inherent benefits, such as, better cell coverage and higher area throughput, extra-large scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has great potential to be one of key technologies for next generation wireless communication systems. However, in practice, when antenna dimensions grow large, spatial non-stationarities occur users will only see a portion base station array, which we call visibility region (VR). To assess impact non-stationarities, this paper, investigate...

In this article, we present a hybrid channel estimation algorithm for uniform planar array (UPA)-assisted millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) Internet of Things (IoT) systems by exploiting the benefits from both compressed sensing (CS) and sparse Bayesian learning (SBL). Compared with existing studies, distribution characteristics correlations between propagation paths in elevation (e)- azimuth (a)-angle domains are considered to enhance performance....

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications have attracted considerable interest due to the massive available spectrum. However, establish communication links, a beam training procedure is indispensable. How accelerate process one of key challenges towards realizing mmWave in practice. In this study, we first propose novel low-cost digital beamforming (DBF) module assisted hybrid (DAhybrid) architecture, by exploiting both capabilities analog and modules. To make topology practical, deploy...

Natural and artificial flower pollination are critical processes in the life cycle of flowering plants. Declines number global pollinator insects, heavy labor conducting manually, rising cost pollen grains considered to be significant worldwide problems. Here we show that chemically functionalized soap bubbles exhibit effective convenient delivery targeted flowers thanks their stickiness, softness, high flexibility, enhancement activity. By exploring physicochemical properties functional...

Even if massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can theoretically bring huge benefits, it incurs substantial hardware complexity and expensive costs. To address these issues while maintaining the system performance simultaneously, we develop an asymmetrical transceiver architecture for MIMO systems in this paper by releasing shackles on radio frequency (RF) chains. Specifically, first where number of receive RF chains is different from that transmit Due to unequal chains, channel...

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have suffered from extremely high hardware complexity and cost because of the introduction a tremendous number antennas. Recently, one way to alleviate this is by considering unequal uplink downlink data transmission requirements employing an asymmetrical transceiver. Such transceiver architecture, however, also brings out channel dimension inconsistency between downlink. Thus, well achieve large array gain fully exploit potentials...

The Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a prospective technique for future massive Internet of things communication networks due to its ability favorable propagation environment customization and controllability. Besides, the equipment large scale antenna arrays with mixed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) expected make good compromise between performance improvements hardware costs. In this letter we estimate channel state information detect device activity assist RIS in scenario...

This paper studies the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-enhanced channel estimation and device activity detection technique for next generation massive internet of things (IoT) networks. Thanks to its low cost, RIS can be introduced into IoT networks extend area coverage support more online devices. However, introducing also brings new challenges in connectivity systems owning resulting cascaded inherent passive characteristics. To address this issue, we first formulate RIS-aided as...

We propose a novel fifth-generation (5G) rapid prototyping system architecture by combining FPGA-privileged modules from software defined radio (or FPGA-coprocessor) and high-level programming language for advanced algorithms multi-core general purpose processors. The proposed exhibits excellent flexibility scalability in the development of 5G system. As proof concept, multi-user full-dimension multiple-input multiple-output is established based on architecture. Experimental results...

A novel empirical, measurement-based massive MIMO channel matrix model under real indoor environment at 4.1 GHz is proposed. In this model, the can be described as sum of a fixed and random matrices, furthermore, decomposed into product four parts: eigenvectors transmitting receiving side correlation coupling matrix, whose amplitude phase are lognormal uniform distributions, complex Gaussian matrix. By comparing capacity singular value spread, proposed validated to more accurate than...

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution industrial are growing up, major innovation is leading changes in social production, the development internet, artificial intelligence other technologies constantly reshaping form education, way to acquire impart knowledge, relationship between teaching learning undergoing profound changes. The times requires society have large number cross-border e-commerce entrepreneurship talents, application- oriented undergraduate...

In this article, we present two clustered sparse Bayesian learning (Cluster-SBL) channel estimation algorithms for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Different from prior literature, path correlations at both the transmitter and receiver are considered exploited performance enhancement. Specifically, first propose a Kronecker product-based multivariate Gaussian (KP-Gaussian) model mmWave MIMO channels, which captures not only sparsity but also...

Spurred by the dramatic mobile IP growth and emerging Internet of Things (IoT) cloud-based applications, wireless networking is witnessing a paradigm shift. By fully exploiting spatial degrees freedom, massive multipleinput- multiple-output (MIMO) technology promises significant gains in both data rates link reliability. This paper presents time-division duplex (TDD)-based 128-antenna MIMO prototyping system designed to operate on 20 MHz bandwidth. Up twelve single-antenna users can be...

Distributed Antenna Systems (DASs) employ multiple antenna arrays in remote radio units to achieve highly directional transmission and provide great coverage performance for future-generation networks. However, the utilization of fully digital or hybrid active results a significant increase hardware costs power consumption DAS. To address these issues, integrating DAS with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) offers viable approach ensure while maintaining low consumption. incorporate...

The Software-defined network for End-to-end Networked Science at Exascale (SENSE) research project is building smart services to accelerate scientific discovery in the era of `big data' driven by Exascale, cloud computing, machine learning and AI. project's architecture, models, demonstrated prototype define mechanisms needed dynamically build end-to-end virtual guaranteed networks across administrative domains, with no manual intervention. In addition, a highly intuitive `intent' based...

Due to the underlying sparse structure of mmWave channels, which indeed makes exact closed-form capacity expressions inherently hard derive, there has been less research on ergodic systems. To overcome this problem, by means majorization theory, paper analyzes point-to-point communication systems under finite-dimensional channel model. In particular, we derive several approximations, exhibit excellent tightness in spite whether steering matrices are singular or not. Then, Jensen's...