The competitive strategies of ‘gatekeeper’ platforms are subject to enhanced scrutiny. For instance, Apple and Google being accused charging excessive access fees app providers privileging their own apps. Some have argued that such allegations make no economic sense when the platform's business model is sell devices. In this paper, we build a in which gatekeeper device‐seller facing potentially saturated demand for its device has incentive ability exclude from market third‐party suppliers...

The competitive strategies of `gatekeeper' platforms are subject to enhanced scrutiny. For instance, Apple and Google being accused charging excessive access fees app providers privileging their own apps. Some have argued that such allegations make no economic sense when the platform's business model is sell devices. In this paper, we build a in which gatekeeper device-seller facing potentially saturated demand for its device has incentive ability exclude from market third-party suppliers...

Abstract Supplier market power—such as the ability of branded goods suppliers to dictate terms retailers—is an important feature many markets. We show that supplier power can counteract effects downstream mergers on consumer prices where there are two-part contracts. This is because greater allows set contracts internalise partially impact merger prices. Post-merger, reduces per-unit price at which it supplies merged firms, with aim maintaining total industry profitability—and then recoups...

In a framework where entrants must make sunk investment decisions with uncertain returns and have private demand information, we show that the relationship between innovation exit value is non‐monotone features an inverted U‐shaped pattern. Consumer surplus maximised at lowest incentivises investment. These insights are applied to optimal merger policy. An entrant more willing innovate be acquired afterwards, even if it has no bargaining power. This innovation‐for‐buyout effect implies less...

Abstract In a Cournot industry where firms are privately informed about their marginal costs, raising entry barriers (i.e., imposing strictly positive, but not too large, costs) increases expected output, entrants' profits, total welfare, and might benefit consumers. Under Bayes‐Cournot competition, react to the expectation (conditional on entry) of rivals' costs rather than actual costs. This creates scope for by relatively inefficient types. Entry that prevent these high‐cost types from...

Abstract Competition policy has faced increasing scrutiny in recent years, with tension between traditional antitrust frameworks and contemporary critiques, including the ‘hipster antitrust’ movement. Some of critics contend that competition failed to address growing market power dominant firms, especially digital sector. This issue Oxford Review Economic Policy explores validity these claims their potential implications for future policy. It also examines how emerging methodologies,...

Entrants often need to make considerable sunk investments with highly uncertain returns. The option exit if returns are low reduces investment risks and stimulates innovation. We examine the interaction between policy up-front by entrants, finding an inverted U-shaped relationship innovation value. Consumer welfare is shaped a trade-off encouraging firms stay in market through higher barriers, stimulating more permissive policy. As future become uncertain, consumer maximization requires...

This study explores the nature of headteacher leadership in schools across England during Covid-19 pandemic. In March 2020, Department for Education announced closure because rise infections from coronavirus. Headteachers sector were required to rapidly respond crisis, enacting policies ensure safety and wellbeing their community as well closing school implementing teaching learning continuation while students at home. The pandemic dramatically changed traditional conceptions leadership....

With social distancing prompting school closures for most pupils across England during March-July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many educational leaders relied on technology deliver remote learning pupils, enable staff collaboration and facilitate administrative functioning of their organisations. This study explores accounts observations use this period from Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) leading multi-academy trusts (MATs). Technology leadership decision-making dynamics within these...

This article introduces the Edtech Leadership Model as a framework to understand decision-making factors and influences related technology implementation by Chief Executive Officers within multi-academy trusts in England. It encompasses both personal knowledge, characteristics, capabilities approaches of leaders themselves, well some contextual cultural their organisation. model theorises that dispositional situational combine are manifested day- to-day leadership management practice through...

Supplier power, such as the ability of branded goods suppliers to dictate terms retailers, is an important feature many markets. We show that supplier power can counteract effects downstream mergers on consumer prices where there are two-part contracts. This because greater market allows set contracts internalise partially impact merger prices. Post-merger, reduces per-unit price at which it supplies merged firms, with aim maintaining total industry profitability. modify standard upward...

This paper focuses on industries that require intensive investment to compete and innovate well before demand materialises (or fails do so). In these industries, the existence of exit barriers may cause firms become “zombies” ex post result in significant underinvestment ante. We first discuss link between decisions significance barriers. Then, we consider role mergers as an mechanism promotes efficient fosters competition. conclude with a discussion about optimal merger policy.

Competition authorities and scholars have developed refined an approach to market definition based on the extent which a hypothetical monopolist in candidate could profitably increase its prices. However, this is rarely applied practice. Of more than 3,000 merger cases published European Commission website between 1990 2019, less 3 per cent mentioned test or related approaches at all. This gap theory practice raises risk of inconsistent opaque decision-making. There are important open...